A university did a trial. Lecture with active learning vs traditional lecture and sections. Simultaneous versions of the same class; random assignment of students; pre-written exams. Inexperienced postdoc vs highly-respected well-rated experienced prof. Mid-term results came in. The comment was that if it had been a medical trail, they would have had to stop immediately, rather than finish the term. It would have been clearly unethical to continue to deny the control group the intervention.