sorry i didn't clarify in my first post but by "exchange", i mean a place where there is 1 orderbook that every participant uses and transactions are done automatically, rather than some ad-hoc system where participants transact between each other.
exchanges: gdax, bitstamp, nyse
marketplaces: localbitcoins, bitcointalk, otc markets
bitsquare is closer to localbitcoins than bitstamp.