Scenarios #2: Ugh okay, Alex is the devops, sysadmin, security officer, fire-warden and makes great bullet-coffee but even with twenty there are lot of domain groups to manage with your startup and lots of projects depending on them so Alex just needs a python script for his Ansible playbook and because powershell makes Alex want to throw up.
For the record, web-based 365 ADs (and most modern on-prem) already support webservices, just soap (and somewhat painful) rather than rest. I use it to authenticate from an app outside our network, the implementation wasn't that hard (python) but i really only do auth, no manipulation. It would be cool if MS added REST as an option to make this sort of common case easier, but they are too busy selling you complex integrated services to do that in Azure ("use Visual Studio, next next next, your app is now deployed on Azure and completely integrated with all these management tools. Cool, uh? Now give me lots of money every month or turn it off.")
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/deve...
On-prem Active Directory also has AD Web Services (https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd391908(v=ws.10...) that I guess you could use instead of this, but a simple rest api like this will be easier to integrate with.
Edit: or it might be that our mail is in 365 but the AD is still partially on premises...
However it doesn't allow kerberos, or 2fa, so its not _all_ that useful in an enterprise setting.