The controls feel "wonky" for the most part because, since it's a game more than a simulator, you tend to have way more control authority than is realistically possible, specially with reaction wheels. There are some mods to rebalance that.
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity_turn
[2] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_q_8TO4Ag0E
[3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaction_wheel
PS: For someone who always dreamt about working in aerospace, KSP is a blast!
Also if you don't do it already pay a great attention to you engine's specific impulse. It's often a lot more important than thrust, at least outside of first stages and landers.
My go-to combination in the mid game is Mainsail engine for first stage from kerbin launchpad (high thrust and good Isp in the atmosphere) and then switch to the Poodle while in space (not-so-great thrust but high Isp in vacuum). Oh and a healthy amount of "asparagus" staging, it's always a bit annoying to set up but well worth it in KSP.
Later on you unlock even more efficient engines, such as the "Nerv" nuclear engine with an Isp of 800 in vacuum.
Finally you can also mine fuel on planets and asteroid to refuel your tanks, I generally like setting up a "filling station" on minmus to avoid having to haul massive amounts of fuel out of the kerbin gravity well.
However MechJeb is a bit overkill for that, I prefer to use Kerbal Engineer[0]. It's simple and offers a few quality of life improvements without actually playing the game for you.
The other mod I consider vital is the docking alignment indicator[1] which makes docking massively less painful.
[0] https://mods.curse.com/ksp-mods/kerbal/222685-kerbal-enginee... [1] https://mods.curse.com/ksp-mods/kerbal/220299-docking-port-a...
Sorry you don't also enjoy programming after a hard day of (presumably) work.
Only yesterday I ended up doing a return from mun orbit with bingo fuel by spinning a craft up to crazy longitudinal rpm and decoupling the descent stage at just the right moment.
You can always use mechjeb for that.
I eventually merged my mod into mechjeb, adding a whole slew of orbital calculation functions, and many fun space times were had by all.