My apartment in Tokyo has a similar system, and the apartment before that. I'd guess that most modern buildings within the 23 wards have it too. Don't know about other cities. You use the same electronic key that you need to get into the building foyer.

All domestic delivery companies (Kuro Neko, Sagawa, etc) will drop into them without a second thought. FedEx are a bit more annoying that you have to call ahead and authorize them to use a bin, but that's ok.

I only have trouble with some things through Japan Post where a signature or ID is required, which is annoying but understandable when they are delivering something like a credit card.