there is no iBeacon (not sure where you're quoting that from?), its just spatial data (lat/lons) projected into the SCNScene coordinate space (which is relative to the location and heading of the device when the ARSession starts)
ok yes, an iBeacon is one possible way CoreLocation determines a device's location. in this case there was none, only GPS (and I guess Wifi is used as well)
As the quote states, it can (determine the geographic location, altitude, orientation) OR (determine position relative to a nearby iBeacon)