Progressive JPEG is slightly different but JPEG2000 is very interesting. The wavelet transform is pretty clever in how it arranges the frequency components.

It's a shame JPEG2000 never took off, probably due to the patent issues. It has a niche in medical imaging though.

I wrote my thesis on this topic, over a decade ago now. When doing image recognition you only need to read the first small part of a JPEG2000 file to get good results, which has obvious advantages. You can ignore the high detail bits at the end.