I got some of my CS courses from a man named Kevin Walsh who I think was a Ph.D. candidate at the time; I think he's now teaching at Holy Cross. If my memory serves his group solved (at least for the time being) the Sybil attack problem on the then-active distributed-filesharing-networks at the time, but it never really grew in adoption because the stakes were really low.
Their basic idea was (again if memory serves me right) to let people self-classify into clusters, so your esteem of someone else's ranking of websites would be based on your own ranking of those websites and how they match. In that way, you get a fully distributed web-of-trust system which nevertheless can't be Sybil-poisoned: to inject their own phishing sites, an attacker first needs to inject trustworthy reviews for a bunch of other unclassified sites, which violates the Sybil assumption that your reviewer identity is disposable or forgeable or whatever and demands that you contribute more to the network than you take away.
I'm not sure if this could be quasi-centralized for browser reviews of proposed short-names for domains, since it assumes a big peer-to-peer decentralized system with lots of people reviewing lots of things and lets them sort themselves into their own groups; it gets dodgy if you're retroactively like "okay so here's the main group now". There is a hint of what it would look like if you try to recentralize it and say "this is the consensus for that domain name's shortname" in the form of how blockchain networks look: there you have a similar story of "if you want to break our consensus that your site is a phishing site, you first need to join our network and outperform the rest of it." But yeah, I think that sorting out the data requires some sort of complicated thinking. I'm more dreaming that sorting out the interface and getting approximate correctness for 90% of traffic so that people get accustomed to that little green box being there, is not especially hard.
On the flip-side, this is already a problem in the form that browsers have to detect phishing somehow and there are Sybil attacks on that based on marking other sites as phishing to try to decrease peoples' confidence in these phishing indicators. So even though there is a technical problem here, I'm not sure I see it as novel to this particular approach.