Americans think they live in a democracy. But workplaces are small tyrannies
vox.com
vox.com
I am debt-free, but have not yet managed to extract myself from this system. Health insurance is a big reason why.
Also, there are few part-time jobs that pay anything and although I have been attempting a career downshift, I can't find decent paying work. It's either I kill my body as a software developer and make decent money but work way too much, or I go be a $10/hr schmuck checkout clerk, I guess. I need that in between thing...but it's not there...on purpose.
If you are a half decent developer, there are tonnes of good paying software jobs with decent hours, it's probably one of the easiest high paying jobs in the world...
I think what you are celebrating on July 4 is that you have free speech, and are in such a good position that you are actually trying to downscale your career from one of the best careers in the world.
Like any remotely complex systems, it's all about replicating and thriving itself.
To solve that problem, let's eliminate all taxes for everyone making less than $100k. No income tax, no payroll tax, no property tax, no sales tax, no...
I don't have any reading material on it unfortunately, no. I'm mostly libertarian, so https://mises.org/ maybe?
What constitutes third world squalor? Not many Americans are starving, having to make do without indoor plumbing, or spending 12 hours per day collecting firewood.
Heck, the U.S. "Has The Worst Rate Of Maternal Deaths In The Developed World"...
http://www.npr.org/2017/05/12/528098789/u-s-has-the-worst-ra...
President Trump is keeping his campaign promises to reform lobbying[1], cracking down on illegal immigration[2], cracking down on ISIS[3], and he's making America no longer be the world's police officer[4].
[1] http://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/trump-sets-5-year-lifeti...
[2] http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/business/economy/sd-fi-b...
[3] https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/apr/15/us-mother-of-a...
[4] http://www.politico.com/story/2017/02/donald-trump-congress-...
[0] at the time, they used 'tyranny of the majority'
Fun fact: the US Constitution has exactly ZERO uses of the word "democracy" in it.
The notion that America is currently a functioning Democracy is still a bit up in the air for me. Americans in general have little factual policy knowledge, and for the few issues that do get fairly well covered there is a strong politicization which verges on propaganda.
More to the point - many political arguments that we see today in the national press usually has the strong cashflow backing of a few elite pocketbooks. It is likely impossible to run an apolitical cause for the public good.
If not for overwhelming politicization, is there another reason why so many US voters are basically anemic to political causes (e.g. wages, education, vacation, medical) which (in general) they could easily vote into law - but don't?
Anyway, just my opinion.
Gilens and Page[1]:
>>>What do our findings say about democracy in America? They certainly constitute troubling news for advocates of “populistic” democracy, who want governments to respond primarily or exclusively to the policy preferences of their citizens. In the United States, our findings indicate, the majority does not rule — at least not in the causal sense of actually determining policy outcomes. When a majority of citizens disagrees with economic elites and/or with organized interests, they generally lose. Moreover, because of the strong status quo bias built into the U.S. political system, even when fairly large majorities of Americans favor policy change, they generally do not get it.
Some rebuttles:
>>> Bashir and Branham/Soroka/Wlezien find that on these 185 bills, the rich got their preferred outcome 53 percent of the time and the middle class got what they wanted 47 percent of the time. The difference between the two is not statistically significant.[2]
>>> The researchers found the rich’s win rate for economic issues where there's disagreement is 57.1 percent, compared with 51.1 percent for social issues. There's a difference, but not a robust one. "The win rates for the two issue types are not statistically different from one another," Branham, Soroka, and Wlezien conclude.[2]
[1] https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/perspectives-on-poli...
[2] https://www.vox.com/2016/5/9/11502464/gilens-page-oligarchy-...
Even in theory in a democracy, outcomes are not democratically chosen, actions (at some level, which may merely be choice of representative) are; therefore, those who have more resources to devote to understanding the relationship between actions and outcomes, and to understanding other actors preferred outcomes to craft propaganda tying preferred actions to other actors preferred outcomes will tend to get their preferred outcomes more often than others.
If the outcomes don't match the will of the people, it is not a true democracy regardless of the method of governance used.
Maybe the author means "egalitarian" or some other concept tangentially related to democracy. Voluntarily formed hierarchies are perfectly consistent with a free and democratic society.
But points to the author on hitting people's emotional buttons with her victim/outrage politics.
I get what you are saying... that it is a click bait title, but the fact remains that the late-stage capitalistic hierarchies that form are not totally unlike other labor systems (indentured servitude/slavery) that we have generally deemed as immoral.
For a lot of folks in low wage positions, the mere act of looking for an alternative puts their current wages in jeopardy. Their employer may decide they're now disloyal and sack them. They bring home less money because they have to spend unpaid time searching for a new gig -- they'd do it outside of work hours, but at some point you have to sleep and feed the kids, right?
Yes.
Remember, the law is not benign.
https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/06/enforci...
Because by optional we mean a totally free choice -- not merely the necessity to chose among N available options (lest you starve).
There are degrees in freedom (a rich person doesn't have to work at all if they don't feel like it), but when you're scouting for minimum wage jobs, you're at the lowest of those degrees.
The solutions you propose would limit freedom in the literal sense, through taxation of private property and regulatory prohibitions on mutually voluntary interactions.
This is absolutely not a case of "figurative freedom" vs "literal freedom" -- there's a large body on work on the issue, and the most used terms for those two types of freedom are "negative freedom" (for what you call "literal freedom") and "positive freedom" (for what you call "freedom in the figurative sense"). You might also find them referenced by the simplified terms "freedom from" and "freedom to". In any case, it's very limiting to consider "negative freedom" (the most limited form) as THE "literal" freedom.
I would still argue that hanger is a force, and being obliged to work for food (even if you have a choice of employment options) is not being free in the "literal sense" (you are not "free from hunger") and even less so if your choice is (because of your "market value" or lack of skills, or being unfortunate to be born in a family that couldn't invest in your education) between awful minimum wage jobs.
Just because what compels you is not an actual master/person, but the collective arrangement we call a "job market", and just because you have a choice, doesn't mean you're free or that you enter those contracts without an external force leading your hand.
>The solutions you propose would limit freedom in the literal sense, through taxation of private property and regulatory prohibitions on mutually voluntary interactions.
Voluntary is a spectrum: my solutions will only harm the much-less voluntary types of interactions. Sort of like preventing the poor from selling their kidneys for money -- it's indeed a regulatory prohibition, and they could make a good buck off of it if they were allowed, but I also believe its better to not allow it until it becomes a positive freedom choice and not "what could I do, I had to pay the bills or I'd lose my house" kind of "voluntary" choice.
This is a much less utilized conceptual framework for freedom than the one that equates freedom with what you call 'freedom from'.
In the social science conception of freedom, no one in practice can be absolutely free, and we are simply bargaining over how much freedom each person gets. It's very much an 'ends justifies the means' morality, which can justify forcibly seizing one party's wealth/income, in order to establish what is deemed to be a more just distribution of wealth that maximizes 'freedom' for society as a whole.
I find this to be an amoral sort of morality, as all 'ends justifying the means' moralities are.
>I would still argue that hanger is a force, and being obliged to work for food (even if you have a choice of employment options) is not being free in the "literal sense" (you are not "free from hunger") ... and just because you have a choice, doesn't mean you're free or that you enter those contracts without an external force leading your hand.
Your argument brings to mind Bastiat's commentary on government [1]:
Man recoils from trouble - from suffering; and yet he is condemned by nature to the suffering of privation, if he does not take the trouble to work. He has to choose, then, between these two evils. What means can he adopt to avoid both? There remains now, and there will remain, only one way, which is, to enjoy the labor of others. Such a course of conduct prevents the trouble and the satisfaction from preserving their natural proportion, and causes all the trouble to become the lot of one set of persons, and all the satisfaction that of another. This is the origin of slavery and of plunder, whatever its form may be - whether that of wars, imposition, violence, restrictions, frauds, &c. - monstrous abuses, but consistent with the thought which has given them birth. Oppression should be detested and resisted - it can hardly be called absurd.
Slavery is disappearing, thank heaven! and, on the other hand, our disposition to defend our property prevents direct and open plunder from being easy.
One thing, however, remains - it is the original inclination which exists in all men to divide the lot of life into two parts, throwing the trouble upon others, and keeping the satisfaction for themselves. It remains to be shown under what new form this sad tendency is manifesting itself.
The oppressor no longer acts directly and with his own powers upon his victim. No, our conscience has become too sensitive for that. The tyrant and his victim are still present, but there is an intermediate person between them, which is the Government — that is, the Law itself. What can be better calculated to silence our scruples, and, which is perhaps better appreciated, to overcome all resistance? We all therefore, put in our claim, under some pretext or other, and apply to Government. We say to it, “I am dissatisfied at the proportion between my labor and my enjoyments. I should like, for the sake of restoring the desired equilibrium, to take a part of the possessions of others. But this would be dangerous. Could not you facilitate the thing for me? Could you not find me a good place? or check the industry of my competitors? or, perhaps, lend me gratuitously some capital which, you may take from its possessor? Could you not bring up my children at the public expense? or grant me some prizes? or secure me a competence when I have attained my fiftieth year? By this mean I shall gain my end with an easy conscience, for the law will have acted for me, and I shall have all the advantages of plunder, without its risk or its disgrace!”
As it is certain, on the one hand, that we are all making some similar request to the Government; and as, on the other, it is proved that Government cannot satisfy one party without adding to the labor of the others, until I can obtain another definition of the word Government I feel authorized to give it my own. Who knows but it may obtain the prize? Here it is:
“Government is the great fiction through which everybody endeavors to live at the expense of everybody else.”
For now, as formerly, every one is, more or less, for profiting by the labors of others. No one would dare to profess such a sentiment; he even hides it from himself; and then what is done? A medium is thought of; Government is applied to, and every class in its turn comes to it, and says, "You, who can take justifiably and honestly, take from the public, and we will partake." Alas! Government is only too much disposed to follow this diabolical advice, for it is composed of ministers and officials - of men, in short, who, like all other men, desire in their hearts, and always seize every opportunity with eagerness, to increase their wealth and influence. Government is not slow to perceive the advantages it may derive from the part which is entrusted to it by the public. It is glad to be the judge and the master of the destinies of all; it will take much, for then a large share will remain for itself; it will multiply the number of its agents; it will enlarge the circle of its privileges; it will end by appropriating a ruinous proportion.
>Voluntary is a spectrum: my solutions will only harm the much-less voluntary types of interactions. Sort of like preventing the poor from selling their kidneys for money -- it's indeed a regulatory prohibition, and they could make a good buck off of it if they were allowed, but I also believe its better to not allow it until it becomes a positive freedom choice and not "what could I do, I had to pay the bills or I'd lose my house" kind of "voluntary" choice.
It's only less voluntary to your eyes. Not to the person who values $100,000 more than their kidney. You are wrong to believe that you are doing the poor any favours by limiting what options are available to them.
Without society having an ironclad commitment to personal autonomy, powerful factions will use your justification for regulatory prohibitions on voluntary interactions to create a vast regulatory morass that greatly excludes the poor from participating fully in the economy, and in doing so, exacerbates income inequality, and this is exactly what we see today [2].
In other words, the indirect costs of abandoning the principle of absolute personal autonomy are steep. Society can only collectively manage simple and unambiguous principles, like "people should have a right to engage in any voluntary interaction they wish". Any principle more complex than that, like "people should be free to engage in any voluntary interactions they wish, unless that voluntary interaction is deemed less-than-fully voluntary according to some vague set of criteria" is rife for abuse.
[1] http://bastiat.org/en/government.html
[2] https://www.brookings.edu/research/make-elites-compete-why-t...
We need to think about these problems in context of time, and the decisions made over time. A stork does not drop a baby off at your door, and a company does not accumulate/generate wealth overnight (although, companies are turning over more rapidly recently). We need to make sure the correct incentives/systems are in place to ensure healthy, decentralized, competition.
Employment relationships are contractual, and completely voluntary. People need income to live, sure, but they are not forced to work for any one person or company to receive that income.
The working conditions mentioned in the article are insane, but you "vote" by choosing not to work for that company.
I also take issue with "Like Louis XIV’s government, the typical American workplace is kept private from those it governs." What world is the author living in where normal governments disclose 100% of the information they hold or receive?
If it were a true dictatorship, as the article claims, you would have no say in where you apply, what you accept, when you decide to leave, etc.
Would chattel slavery be voluntary too if the slaves had a degree of choice over which master used them?
People were literally considered pieces of property under chattel slavery. "Salary slavery" is nowhere near as horrific or demeaning as real slavery, and it's frankly an offensive comparison to make.
If you want to never work a job in your life, pan handle on the streets, live off your relatives, or become a recluse, you are completely free to do so. Nobody is holding a gun (or a whip) over you and demanding you work.
What would democracy, at its purest form, in a work place look like?
Would employees have voters rights over every single decision that would be made? That seems inefficient.
I don't think applying democracy to a workplace is crazy, I just don't understand why it's necessary.
Exactly like corporate governance, except that instead of stockholders with voting rights weighted by size and class of their stockholdings, the people voting on the basic rules which govern the degree and manner in which routine authority is delegated to elected directors, officers, etc., are the employees each having an equal vote.
> Would employees have voters rights over every single decision that would be made?
On a fundamental level, yes but they'd probably in practice delegate much routine authority to elected representatives who would serve like a board of directors and who would in turn likely be given, and exercise, the right to delegate some of that authority to particular individual employees (directly to officers, who then delegate to subordinate managers, etc.)
If you think "true freedom" is the ability to choose between minimum wage servitude and a (substantially criminalized) panhandling lifestyle that doesn't say much for your conception of freedom.
True freedom is living in a society that provides the necessities for every individual, or living in a completely lawless non-society.
What is it that you are getting at, exactly? Or are you just posting to being argumentative (without making an argument).
Apparently you didn't really think that.
My point was that there's no stark dividing line between freedom and slavery and that wage slavery does indeed share many of the same features as chattel slavery.
Laws prohibiting private enterprise, or mandating that individuals pay a tax on their private income, limit a person's freedom, as they involve a threat to their person, in a situation where they have not violated any other party's rights.
Freedom does not mean economic security. It does not mean empowerment. These are independent attributes.
Democratic schools do exist, but they are few and far in between.
If that wasn't the case, a country could potentially change hugely from government to government, but most of what they do is small stuff, and all converge towards the benefits of corporations and mega-interests.