> that's an economic problem, isn't it?
Only if you think the need of any society to be able to defend itself is an economic problem.
> to what extent does America really need (a certain amount) of soldiers?
That depends on what threats we expect to have to deal with.
Also, if you argue that people with children should not be soldiers, you are taking out of the decision loop people who are likely to have a more restrained view of when violence should be used.