Microsoft's Calibri font is at the center of a political scandal in Pakistan
engadget.com
engadget.com
The case neverthless went ahead (i.e., the file used as an evidence), people got sentenced but later all claims were dismissed and judges either left the country or in jail now.
Full detail in following post from Dani Rodrik - a professor at Harvard Kennedy School:
http://rodrik.typepad.com/dani_rodriks_weblog/2012/10/did-mi...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killian_documents_controvers...
Other aspects of the documents looked sketchy as well upon further examination.
A lot of other news organizations were really pissed because there were some questionable aspects to GWB's National Guard Service but those were pretty much off the table for discussion when the apparently forged documents were discredited.
> Microsoft's website states that version 1.0 of the font was available to download separately as far back as 2005. And, according to font consultant Thomas Phinney, Calibri was also available as part of a Windows pre-release in 2004.
Back then many people were using beta-versions of Windows 2003 Server (or other server products) . Server edition was great desktop (compared to XP and Vista), but also very expensive. Prerelease version had 90 days trial period, which could be easily reset.
MS Office format is basically a memory dump. So forged documents should leave much more evidence with timestamps, office patches versions, error handling etc...
Even if it seems obvious, how are you going to prove that they didn't actually download the font or have the special Windows edition?
Although it might turn public perception, it shouldn't, I believe, be considered judicially.
Of course, I do not know the standard in use in this country's court system.
Among American (and British, Canadian etc) lawyers who advocate quantifying the concept of "reasonable doubt,"[1] the consensus figure seems to be that proof beyond a reasonable doubt means greater than 95% certainty (or, stated negatively, a less than 5% level of uncertainty). Judge Weinstein of the Eastern District of New York[2] puts the 95% number in his jury instructions, for example.
If we assume the Bayesian prior that it's at least 19x more likely that Pakistani politicians at the highest level of influence are secretly corrupt and/or evading taxes, than it is that they're secretly tech nerds who eagerly download the latest Microsoft betas and try out all the new fonts, then we have met that 95% standard. If the accused were a Microsoft executive instead of an official of one of the world's most corrupt states,[3] the equation would be different.
Of course, there might be other arguments for doubt besides "the font was available in obscure beta software." One potential argument is that it's a newer version of an older document that was typeset in a different font, which was changed to Calibri at some later point (recent MS Words might default to displaying the document in Calibri if it were sent to a computer that didn't have the original font installed, or the file type doesn't include font information in a way Word supports, or it was copied and pasted from the clipboard).
[1] Which IMO it should be; most of the clear miscarriages of justice in either direction that I know of seem like they could have been prevented or at least been mistrials if, as much as possible, we'd nudged the jury to carefully quantify the strength of both sides' evidence instead of voting emotionally.
[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_B._Weinstein
[3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption_Perceptions_Index
This is not the U.S., though, and I ain't a lawyer anyway.
It's not unusual to have trials where there's no unassailable smoking gun but rather a number of facts that strain credulity to explain away.
It looks like we may only have seen scanned copies of the documents, so any Office metadata would be missing.
I wonder if there is any other subtle metadata. Perhaps default tab stops or borders?
If you see what I mean...
And I'm not really commenting on the current case (not familiar with it at all)... just positing a possible way to prove a document's date as inaccurate.
It'd be hilarious if they said "Here's my 2006 tax report, but you need Office 2013 to open it."
From what I remember, the EU wanted to standardize an open document format, and had their eye set on OO ODF, as the most mature of those at the time. Microsoft put out their OXML format, gave out free patent grants, lobbied hard, and managed to get it into ISO.
If you want some nightmares though, open an office XML file in a text editor some day.
They came with Office 2007. For Office 2003, there was a plugin that allowed to open the XML files, in a limited way.
I wrote that and on a whim thought, "I'll make this a pip package," severely underestimating that task. The tool works but I never finished that packaging. The working source should be on github if you're interested.
It is really quite distinct from the memory dump of pre-xml doc/excel files.
I woulda cobbled something together to suck the text out of them.
The real problem was using word as our documentation format, but at Microsoft in the early oughts there really weren't many alternatives.
The cobble-together part, to be successful, would pull the text out reliably. And the format is readily documented, and Open/Libre office processes it as well. The code to do the extract might be ugly, but so long as it reliably produced the text in a CI/CD environment, that would be OK.
On the basic training I've had in spotting fake documentation, "check the font seems right" is near the top of the list e.g. in regarding fake company letter-heads.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B6leBB47NfItbHQwa3c4d3E0QmM...
(for those wondering why it is in English, that is one of the official languages in Pakistan).
Their biggest problem: the country fails to attract foreign capitals, and the local noveaux riche never keep their money in the country.
To many it is a mystery why a country that holds an incomparably less protectionistic stance than its neighbors, has retained much of British legal system, and is more welcoming to foreign capital policy-wise fails so hard at that.
One explanation that I believe explains more than just saying "it is because of crazy mountain people surrounding the country," is that the perpetual uncertainty over power succession, forces rich people to move their capitals abroad affecting trade balance, and creating an illusion of very low capital appreciation in the country, this in turn tell foreign investors that the country is lost cause for conventional investments.
I'm totally serious Virtuabhi
In total, the amount of lives lost to fighting in the north, and with internal oppositionary movements amounts to around 4300 people over 10 years - that digit is from Hina Rabbani Khar. This is not much for such a populous country.
Armed struggle rarely reach big cities where the majority of business activity take place. On my observation, something big only happens in big cities once a year or less.
I do not believe that OBL, AQ and co. count for more than a small nuisance.
No armed group ever came close to trampling the central government, nor will they ever be in the foreseable future.
India is a genuine issue for the country. Not solely because of its military ambitions. The constant economic and diplomatic pressure from India is the reason for much of international isolation of the country.
The army, and previously regular army coups could've been seen as an issue in the past. In my own observation, I see that army's freedom of action was already on the downward trajectory during Musharaf's reign, and that was partially responsible for him falling out of power so fast (other being that Zia's era generals simply died of old age). The civil society (Pakistani oligarchate), is in antagonistic relations with the army. They are squeezing them out of power, preventing them from gaining any momentum. Generals are not coming back to power in our generation. Big buck has won over the military.
Found the HN discussion[1] related.
Piracy of both is rampant in Asia.
You can be charged for living beyond your means?
For example, we had a governor that had as wages about 10000 usd month... yet was spending millions.
Not even the craziest bank would fund that, so it must have been corruption. (It was, he received if I remember correctly about 100 million usd in bribes)
http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/disproportionate...
(sorry)
Most notably this:
> If your account is less than a year old, please don't submit comments saying that HN is turning into Reddit. It's a common semi-noob illusion, as old as the hills.
The meta-discussion has some substance to it IMO; it conveys at least some information and might suggest some actions to take. The original comment has literally none.
(Meta-discussion is marginally poisonous to productive discourse, and on an ideal HN this whole thread would be downvoted, but one-liners like the original post are a much bigger threat)
If your ideals can be so easily threatened then perhaps one-liners are not the problem.
HN is definitely completely different from reddit. I like the occasional joke or pun, but reddit takes it too far. The same tired jokes are repeated over and over and yet still get upvoted.
How many of you insist on choosing your own fonts in your websites, rather than just specifying families? I can understand if the fonts you choose are fancy. But otherwise, as a power user who has set default fonts for various families carefuly, I dislike having to read stuff in any font except my own carefuly chosen ones.
I hope websites defered to users somehow on this.
The real reason over use of fonts is dangerous is because it's a huge hit to site performance if not done properly. I've seen way too many sites that are yanking in Google Fonts all willy-nilly with zero regard for typography or performance. That's bad, but it's almost always the result of an inexperienced "nephew that knows HTML" or someone with access to a really shitty WordPress template.
And since the vast majority of people have zero interest in tweaking fonts themselves (myself included), why not use fonts other than the handful of (imo) boring system fonts?
Ayup. I use Oxygen on pretty much everything because I really like how it looks and it's part of the distinctive style I impart to the stuff that I'm building. The number of users who have really strong opinions about fonts versus the number of users who either consciously or unconsciously appreciate a good-looking design is not a ratio in favor of caring about the former.
(Also agreed on performance; that's why I use one font family and use it from Google Fonts--because it caches.)
It's quicker to just use system fonts than have to have the user make a trip to Google's Font Servers.
As a non-native English speaker I really don't understand the subtle difference between these words.
> Even among type professionals, there’s a growing acceptance that for most people, the terms font and typeface can be used interchangeably. Only experts really need to worry about it.
> “For most people in most situations, those terms can swap around without any trouble,” Tobias Frere-Jones tells Co.Design. “The distinction would matter in type design, obviously, but also contexts which involve engineering, like app development or web design.”
I'd agree with that. To save you reading the entire article, here's the rough definition presented in it:
Typeface refers to the set of all the distinct shapes. It's what most people mean when they say "font" in everyday life.
Font refers to a specific weight at a specific size.
Even as a web developer I find that distinction confusing because a single "font" file will usually support any number of sizes and can be rendered in different weights or even as oblique, although of course the result will be less sophisticated than using the "hand-crafted" weight variants or italics. And of course there are file formats that can actually contain more than one such "font" (even from different typefaces).
So outside of actual type design or technical specifications I would say that the terms should be treated as interchangeable because nobody can be bothered using them correctly.
I'd actually argue even type designers don't care much what you call them. Or at least that seems to go for the kind of type designers that actually design types rather than correcting people on the Internet.
> Font refers to a specific weight at a specific size.
That's a much better summary than the article's "In brief:" sentence.
http://britishletterpress.co.uk/type-and-typography/type-syn...
Above dates from the days when letterpress was still around (my local letterpress based jobbing printer closed his shop in the late 80s/early 90s because of repeated break-ins after his lead). Article tends to suggest a fount would be a given weight/style of a typeface.
Here's a screenshot from an early mac control panel. Notice the use of the word "Font" for typeface.
http://www.amd.e-technik.uni-rostock.de/ma/rs/lv/hoqt/fog_fi...
Doesn't it?
I did think it was an interesting coincidence that .ttf could be misinterpreted as True TypeFace.
Guess I should have thrown a /s in there...