Dell's decline from being too cheap
nytimes.com
nytimes.com
But I'm not so sure "being too cheap" (not in the original headline) is a fair characterization of what happened.
Dell failed in this situation because A) They had insufficient surge capacity to deal with a widespread common mode failure (which may have been as much a problem with their volume as their minimal inventory system) and B) Decided to lie about the situation.
Amusing note: the law firm suing them was screwed by them.