Zillow's second letter about McMansion Hell is still wrong
techdirt.com
techdirt.com
I come from a journalism background, where we had to wrestle with fair use restrictions quite often, and it turns out that fair-use claims when it comes to images are not as cut-and-dry as with, say, text.
I'm allowed to reprint a sentence from a book in a review about that book and claim fair use, but I'm not allowed to reprint the entire book, even if I'm reviewing it, and claim fair use. But with images, those who claim fair use are typically reprinting the entire work. That tends to be a problem, because one of the four prongs of the fair-use test is the amount of the original work used. Among the relevant questions here are: could the images have been shown at a lower resolution and still gotten the point across? Could only portions of the images have been shown and still gotten the point across?
Then there's the fact that she claimed in her official response that "this blog is my livelihood," which suggests that she's receiving income and is, essentially, operating as the sole proprietor of a business. Another one of the prongs of the fair-use test is the nature and purpose of the work, and you're more likely to prevail on this point if you're a nonprofit or can't be construed as a commercial operation.
I'm not saying that Zillow's threats have merits. I just don't think we should all be so quick to say, "Oh, well it's OBVIOUSLY fair use."
Is that true? If Zillow doesn't own the copyright, presumably they have some kind of license. Perhaps it has clauses like "we, Zillow, won't allow/abet/facilitate the use of these images on sites other than zillow.com, and/or for purposes other than advertising houses for sale".
Now, when you take these images and use them on another website for another purpose, who has standing to sue, and for what?
To put it another way, when you visit zillow.com, under what license are you downloading their images to render on your device? Surely under an implied contract you have with Zillow. Does the fact that they don't own the copyright prevent them from enforcing any limitations on your usage at all?
"Except as expressly stated herein and without limitation, you agree that you will not, nor will you permit or encourage any third party to, reproduce, publicly display, or otherwise make accessible on or through any other Web site, application, or service any reviews, ratings, and/or profile information about real estate, lending, or other professionals, underlying images of or information about real estate listings, or other data or content available through the Services."
So yes, McMansion Hell could be violating their terms of use.
What confuses the issue is that they additionally offered advice that the use violates copyright law, but they specifically do no claim standing in the matter -- "... Your actions infringe the rights of each copyright holder ..." They don't claim to be one. Additionally (IIUC, and I am not a lawyer) fair use is still infringing. It is not a defence, it is used for calculating damages. So, I think their advice is factually correct, if misleading.
Similarly they claim that "... Your activities may violate the federal Computer Fraud and Abuse act", which is mostly irrelevant. It's the state that decides this, and if they want to complain, they have to go to the police.
To sum up, my reading is that Zillow feels this violates the terms of service that the person agreed to. They sent a C&D as is required for that kind of contract dispute. They added a whole bunch of scary, but meaningless crap to make is sound threatening. Not fantastic, but arguing about the meaningless crap does not address the actual issue -- did the person violate contract terms that they had agreed to? If so, no amount of discussion about fair use is going to be relevant.
Only the state can enforce the criminal parts of the CFAA, but there are civil parts as well.
I'm having a hard time seeing what exactly Zillow hopes to achieve? Do they think it's working?
All she has/had to do was take out that statement that 'it's from Zillow' and the problem goes away, Zillow doesnt care where you get pics from as long as they have no liability.
You seem to be just guessing about what might be in the contract, but I'll run with it. Unless there's some affirmative duty to police in the contract, why couldn't they just ignore McMansion Hell? Ignoring is not the same as giving license.
Even if there's no affirmative duty to police, if you become aware of something that potentially makes you in breach in a contract, you're supposed to try to stop it. Otherwise if you get sued for breach it looks even worse for you - "they knew about it and were too lazy to do anything to stop it"
However, to be fair to the lawyer, the copyright claim is secondary. The primary claim in the C&D is a violation of the terms of service.
*In the legal sense, not in the moral sense. Though maybe that too.
Either way, I am not a lawyer and my understanding, ultimately, is limited.
seriously get out of your keyboard rage and ask yourself if you or someone you cared about couldnt sell your/their house because a blogger was making money by degrading it. What if the place gets vandalized due to this activity?
hate is hate. there is no 'good' hate.
Besides, your hypothetical dangers have literally never happened.
You're absolutely right on that. ANY time a legal question rests on some multi-prong factor test, it's folly to say that there's an obvious answer. There can be strong arguments one way, but it's never a slam dunk.
Courts and juries are unpredictable.
Frankly I think this is a textbook case of Fair Use by a combination of parody and commentary, and it seems as though it would be trivial to take Zillow to task for attempting to enforce copyright law on property it doesn't own the rights to.
> She doesn't need to find other sources. Fair use means she can do what she's doing and Zillow should shut up, other than maybe offering an apology.
That sure sounds like an assertion of what a court or jury would actually decide, and it's far too strong. (I am a lawyer, and there's almost never a justification for being this absolute.)
As for Zillow not owning the rights, it's entirely possible that it has some licensing arrangement with the rights holders that empowers it to bring suit. I have no idea, and neither does the author.
It's obviously an opinion piece, the way it's written does not communicate that it's attempting to be informative other than collecting a number of other more informative articles, and offering the author's viewpoint. Contrary to what some on here believe, it is alright to both bring information forth about a topic and express an opinion on it, and personally I find that type of content much more engaging than exercising false equivalency nonsense and making a stupid company's stupid position look less stupid in the name of "fairness."
> As for Zillow not owning the rights
If it owns the rights or is licensed to exercise the rights, that doesn't change the fact that it has no case. That was my point.
MST3K has to clear copyrights for the original films, even though they "mark up" those originals in the same way that McMH does. RiffTrax did not have to clear rights with anyone, at the cost of some customer convenience.
I don't know for certain whether MST3K licensed things because they had to, or because they didn't want to be sued to Hell by film catalog rights-holders. It certainly seems like ridicule, commentary, and parody to me. I don't think it matters all that much whether anyone makes money from it or not. A professor can fairly use photos for educational purposes in a class where all the students pay tuition, right?
As a potential juror, I am prejudicially biased that McMH's use is fair use. If I were a judge looking for a test, I think I would ask "Is it sufficiently transformative that this use does not compete with the original?" For MST3K, you're making motion picture entertainment from existing motion pictures. Watching the MST3K version of a work competes with watching the original. So MST3K is not fair use. But reading McMH does not compete with browsing those real estate listings. So it's probably fair use.
No facet of the fair use defense is based on the fact that one is exploiting a market for the work that the rightsholder currently isn't. On the contrary, the fact that one is exploiting any market at all with the work is a strike against any fair use defense.
This person is co-opting the images, but not to sell the homes or defame the work of the photographer, but to mock the (ugly) style of the homes. There is no impact to the rights holders or even the people using the photos by virtue of this silly little blog existing.
Attempting to argue that to a judge that does not employ the same boundary test is therefore likely to fail.
I get these types of responses all the time, whenever someone detects that I am crossing onto foreign turf. The law does not belong exclusively to legislators, judges, and lawyers. I am entitled to have an opinion that conflicts with established precedents. And as many of us are painfully aware, the law is sometimes an ass.
Right now, we're in the court of public opinion, and that is definitely appropriate language for that particular court... The court of law will come later, if ever.
And in this kind of business, most of damages are decided in the court of public opinion anyway, not the other one.
You're missing one. Do the modifications to the images as presented on her blog count as a "transformative work?" In that light, I do think this is a bit more straight forward than you suggest.
He wanted me to take down my experiences I had with the company on my linkedin. After explaining to him that I have proof that I've worked on those projects the lawyers came up with bs reasons. I got angry for wasting some time of my life for proof of my work experiences so I sent him a cease and desist.
The loser sent one last email and I told him to get the fuck out of my life. And that was that.
I ain't ever using Zillow or Trulia.
These people are in alt-fact reality.
Knowing a little bit about the law is indeed helpful, but it doesn't seem that a little bit of legal knowledge would lead one to congratulating the grandparent on sending an inflammatory mail to opposing counsel.
C&Ds are in fact frequently bluffs, so that should be considered in the response, but some companies are notoriously well-known non-bluffers; if they send a C&D, they are chomping at the bit to file the lawsuit for real. It's best to ask a real lawyer whenever you're staring down these types of possibilities.
Disclaimer: I'm not a lawyer.
In Real Estate there's a huge concern about "where is my data going" (meaning the listings, photos, etc). This is a big deal to the brokers and agents. I literally just watched an hour long webinar over lunch by Wolf Net about data syndication and every few minutes they were mentioning how they've earned and work to maintain the trust of the brokers and agents by being careful with the data.
Now, a significant number of agents and brokers HATE Zillow. There are entire sessions at the conferences about how to keep your listings off Zillow. The reasons are varied and I won't bore you with the details, largely it is because Zillow doesn't put the listing agent's details by the listing.
Zillow I imagine has to be very careful not to be seen by agents as releasing this information to other sources, or Zillow's lifeblood will cease to flow. They are teetering on the edge here and a perception by agents could cut off a lot of their data.
Zillow probably has to fight this fight. Even if they lose it. They are in a much better position if they say "Hey, we fought this and the courts said we had to", that is a defense against the agents and brokers. If they don't fight it, the sentiment in the RE community could quickly turn against Zillow and cause a lot of damage to their business. This is my speculation, I don't know the internal workings of Zillow.
But some listings don't have the listing agent on Zillow. See my example below.
Take for example this:
https://www.zillow.com/homes/for_sale/13911266_zpid/globalre...
vs:
https://www.coloproperty.com/listing/details/1125163
Jesse is the listing agent, that second page is from the MLS and is definitely correct. The Zillow listing only lists a Premier Agent, and that is not the listing agent.
I’m kind of curious because I received a C&D from craigslist a few years ago (https://github.com/yonran/craigslist-shortcuts/blob/master/c...). Technically I was breaking the terms of service (after they revised the terms), so as I understood it, if I wanted to continue to use the website I had to comply with the terms, however onerous they were.
[1] http://www.michaelgeist.ca/2017/06/clicking-agree-may-no-lon...
How is an individual with limited resources (money and time) supposed to ever hold their ground against $BIG_CORP?
And you are only proving my point. In most cases, individuals are the ones forced to settle with corporations because they don't have the resources to fight corps.
The same would have happened with Hulk Hogan if he had not been bankrolled by Thiel.
So, if anything, it was Thiel's actions that tipped the balance in the direction of the individual, who, mind you, was entirely in the right in this particular case.
2. There needs to be proper legal protections for people against Big Co. doing this. Maybe a third party set up to look over the C & D's issued to bloggers. I don't know how this should or would work, but something needs to change.
https://twitter.com/mcmansionhell/status/879432256363925507
I would assume and hope that she was. I enjoyed the content and she deserved to be paid for it. But I don't know if she meant livelihood in the financial context or not, so I couldn't tell you definitively.
Can't protect any & everyone.
Additionally, have you ever had a friend who came to you showing off a new purchase and you were tempted to tell them that there was an objectively better choice for them? If they don't take it personally and get offended (they probably will) then they'll at least feel really shitty and probably embarrassed. It's best to let them live in ignorant bliss.
There is plenty of architectural snobbery directed at the socioeconomically disadvantaged - "overlarge ticky-tacky" is a common enough phrase in Berkeley Planning Commission meetings with respect to apartment buildings - but criticizing $900k 3000sqft single family houses isn't that.
I never said they were, and that's not the point. Social class and economic class are not the same. Criticizing someone's tastes doesn't just become totally acceptable to that person if they're rich. You're still going to make them feel like crap for spending their life savings on an inferior product. And there are still going to superiority undertones to what you're saying, at least to their ear.
I used to think snobbery was obnoxious, but now the constant stream of "there's no such thing as quality, but even if there is, we shouldn't acknowledge it or its absence" seems even more grating.
Where do you live where this is the case?
However, is that really true? The article backs up most of its claims, except for the "fair use" one. The disclaimer on the McMansion Hell site claimed that they were used under fair use, but the author of the site is admittedly a bit unfamiliar with the law. I haven't seen an analysis of if it really is fair use from any of the coverage.
EDIT: Just read the end of the post: "Meanwhile, another organization that does understand copyright and fair use much better than Zillow is EFF. And EFF is now representing McMansion Hell."
Zillow has brought a knife to a gun fight.
> Zillow has brought a knife to a gun fight.
:) I wonder if this will have any outcome for ToS, as that's was one of Zillow's complaints.
And yes, I am absolutely posting this with the intent that someone from Zillow sees this and knows that this is costing them a real customer.
Pillow to a gunfight, possibly?
I've never understood that expression. Counterstrike taught me that knives are useful in a gun fight.
[0]: https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2017/06/be-prepared-summer-sec...
As mentioned downthread, this week we're in the middle of our summer membership drive: https://supporters.eff.org/donate/summer-security-camp-r1 -- we have stickers, guides, and patches.
Also, if you, your family and friends or your organization are thinking about supporting EFF's work at a higher level, let's talk. I'm danny@eff.org; I work on EFF's international activities, but I'm also taking some time this year to work with people who are know our work, and are interested in increasing their support or spreading the word to their colleagues.
Dear whomever it may concern at Zillow group,
As you do not have rights to the images are you authorised on behalf of the rights owners to issue DMCA take-down requests under title 17 of the United States Code under penalty of perjury?
Should this be the case I suggest you read Lenz v. Universal Music Corp., 801 F.3d 1126 (2015) in the 9th circuit which has just been refused certioari in the US Supreme Court (2017-06-19).
If you wish to continue this matter please submit a properly worded DMCA take down request.
Regards, ....
P.S. If you do continue this matter you obviously didn't read Lenz Vs. Universal and therefore I'll see you in court.
And, yes, the threat letter from Zillow is total BS. But that doesn't mean Zillow "doesn't get it". That's just what attorneys do. I thought everyone knew this.
Seems the current strategy is working out quite nicely, no? Instead of a back and forth on a copyright issue that Zillow expected, they must now come to the defense of its brand.
Probably not something they expected.
My bad.
You're also making a huge assumption that even if the lawyers agree it is BS, Zillow would not pursue this matter further, causing them to retain a lawyer that will require money.
I'd argue that sending a BS letter is literally not getting it.
> That's just what attorneys do. I thought everyone knew this.
Attorneys waste everyone's time by making demands without any legal basis?
...yes, often?