Comment by Mz | Hacker News Reader

Comment by Mz | Hacker News Reader

In the United States, electricity use soars as temperatures rise and more households use air-conditioning more frequently. One recent study found that the United States’ electric grid would have to handle a 7.2 percent increase in peak demand this century under a moderate warming scenario.

It would be wise to promote passive solar design. Relying on AC just burns more fuel and this makes global warming worse. It winds up being a vicious cycle and it isn't actually necessary.

We also need to support more pedestrian and bike options. There are lots of little things that can help. These tend to not get counted and when things don't get as bad as people expected, this news tends to get swept under the rug. But if you are really concerned about this, you can make some modest lifestyle changes to help curb this trend. If you live in a first world country, your modest efforts will generally count for more than you think because we tend to consume so much more than people in less developed countries.

Some years back when I was taking environmental law classes, one American consumed something like 200 times as much as someone from India. So cutting back a few percent as an American is potentially about like outright eliminating the impact of several people from a less developed country. Even very modest cut backs can be about like someone from a less developed country cutting their consumption in half.

The smart grid is being designed now to solve this. Increase efficiency, allow for renewables (wind and solar), and reduce transmission loss (averages 7% in USA), etc. Let's just hope we can properly secure it, the advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) has a very large attack surface and spans from homes, to distribution, transmission and ultimately all the back to power generation.

Passive solar is better than having a smart grid, and we can also do both. Using little or no electricity is more efficient than using green electricity.

I think we really need to push for passive solar design. It is the answer that allows for high quality of life and lowered use of electricity. Most other answers involve doing without. This does not.

What does passive solar entail exactly? And can it make people comfortable on a 95 degree day?

Passive solar includes a variety of approaches, such as thermal mass, architectural design that let's more sunlight in during winter and less in during summer and placement of deciduous trees to shade the house in summer and let sun onto it in winter. Yes, it can keep people comfortable on a hot day. It is typically far more comfortable than conventional housing.

But don't underestimate the effect of good insulation (including windows). When the temperature hit the upper 90's here, I didn't need any air conditioning at all -- just turned on a window fan after dark to bring in cool air, then turned it off in the morning and closed the windows, pulled down the inside sunshades and closed the curtains in rooms facing the sun.

The upstairs gets a little warm during the day, but is tolerable by bedtime since the outside temperature has cooled by then. The downstairs stays comfortable all day long.

It helps that this is an attached condo with neighbors to each side, so there's effectively no heat coming in from the sides, just the roof, front and back of the condo.

Use of insulation and pulling down the sunshades and closing the curtains in rooms facing the sun is passive solar, in essence.

Insulation alone is not sufficient. During a heat wave, after 48 to 72 hours, the heat will go through the wall, eventually.

The time lag of the building material and the decrement factor are also very important. Tge time lag should ideally be close to 10-12 hours in order to dampen day/night variations in temperature.

https://www.new-learn.info/packages/clear/thermal/buildings/...

This is why most of the time passive solar involves carefully planning before you build. Otherwise the best you can do is sunshades, insulation, landscaping and white roofs.

We had 90+ degree days for 3 days in a row (and upper 80's before/after that)

Night time temperatures dropped into the 60's, so by turning on the fan at night (which blew air out and upstairs window, bringing in the cool air in throughout the house), I think we would have been fine even in a longer heat wave. By morning, it was cool enough to need a blanket in bed.

If temps didn't drop so significantly at night, then we may have had more problems.

The house is standard wood-frame construction, so doesn't have a lot of thermal mass, though it is on a concrete slab, so that may have kept the downstairs cooler.

Thermal wool has about 6 hours time lag and almost no thermal mass. The downstairs doesn't have a roof over it, so that's probably why. Typically attics/penthouses are the worst because they're sun heats them up through the roof all day long. So, white roofs, little to no thermal mass, ventilation is a solution in your area. Concrete also heats up badly and then releases the heat if it's exposed to sunshine.

I think they mean designing homes to be more efficient in the heat to stay cool.

And yes, it can help on 35c / 95f days.

In Australia, even in a non aircon place I'm pretty much fine at 35c. Provided: I have a small fan, and I keep the place air tight. Having proper insulation would help a lot.

It's kind of a little known trick, on really hot days (95+) you want to open the windows but you really need to keep them closed to keep the cool air in and hot air out.

Generally speaking, passive solar means using energy directly from the environment for heating and cooling purposes without first turning it into electricity. So, passive solar water heaters can use black painted copper piping to heat water directly with sunlight, no electricity required. Wind is caused by solar energy and can have a cooling effect without first being converted to electricity. Etc.

When done right, it is vastly more efficient and has far fewer side effects in terms of things like waste heat.

"Passive cooling techniques through reflective and radiative roofs in tropical houses in Southeast Asia: A literature review"

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095263514...

Almost all examples I've seen of passive solar design assume that a new building is being built, and often use unconventional techniques and materials. I've seen a smattering of retrofit examples, but get the impression that they're pretty expensive relative to the results. Are there proven, economical approaches for existing buildings, especially those for which renovations are subject to building codes?

I don't have firsthand experience, but I know some techniques can be retrofit. Low hanging fruit includes landscaping to provide shade in summer and a wind break in winter. Here are a couple of articles found with a quick google that look pretty solid at first glance:

http://www.motherearthnews.com/green-homes/passive-solar-hom...

https://www.homepower.com/articles/home-efficiency/design-co...

Wind breaks suck for shoveling snow. They become perpetual snow drifts.

Use it where it makes sense, this isn't hard to plan out and think ahead. For example, you could landscape this way all over Seattle or Portland, and in most of Hood River, OR as the wind is only consistently strong in small areas in the winter.

Also, no reason you can't plant or prune existing trees/shrubbery such that they don't become a blocker for snow, we do it all the time out in Eastern Oregon. A little forethought goes a long way.

Simple but incomplete solution: plant a deciduous tree on the sunny side(s) of your house.

When people quote that statistic about the American and the Indian, I always want to ask, "which Indian?"

Isn't a huge part of it, that Americans outside of NYC basically have to have a car?

I am an American. I have lived without a car for a lot of years. From what I have read, Millenials are putting some pressure on society to make things more pedestrian- and transit-friendly. And even with a car, I don't think that accounts for the entire 200 times as much consumption (a figure from a few years back, I don't know what the current figure would be -- it was given solely to make the point that people in developed countries can cut back modestly and have more impact than they think).

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