C++ is special because it combines two big ideas:
- Zero-cost abstractions (you only pay for what you use)
- High-level abstractions (OOP, lambdas, code-generation, etc. )
I would jump straight to C++ 17. It looks completely different to early 2000s C++ and makes functional programming easier (type inference, lambdas, constexpr, etc. ).
If you learn to use C++ well, you will be able to write faster code faster.