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I am not sure if they use any special legal construct, but last time I played around with Ada, the full Ada standard was available for free. The actual standard, not some revised draft. On top of that the rationale document which explains many of the design decisions was also available for free.

(It's been a while, but I found these rationale documents fascinating reading.)

I don't know about the other languages, but at least with regards to ECMAScript the specification can be accessed freely at https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/index.html - though the License chapter says that "after approval all rights on the standard are reserved by Ecma International."

ECMAScript is standardized by ECMA, not ISO, so the rules are a bit different.

There's free descriptions for quite a few of those languages available online.