Golang 1.7... 1.9 is due out soon. Sigh, this is why I end up installing things myself without a package manager.
Jessie shipped with Golang 1.3, but has 1.7 via backports.
Luckily Go is quite easy to install and use from an isolated directory, and the majority of Debian usage here would be as a target OS where the Go compiler version doesn't matter.
Also jessie shipped Go 1.3 but it was updated to Go 1.7 in jessie-backports, so you can probably expect further Go updates in stretch-backports when it's released.
* https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/securing-debian-howto/ch1...
I'd rather manage golang the golang way.
Here's a quick command to build a golang-1.8.3 package with fpm (download and extract go1.8.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz first; get fpm from https://github.com/jordansissel/fpm):
#!/bin/bash
DEBIAN_REVISION=1
fpm -s dir -t deb -n golang-go -v 1.8.3-$DEBIAN_REVISION go1.8.3.linux-amd64/bin/go=/usr/local/bin/go go1.8.3.linux-amd64/bin/gofmt=/usr/local/bin/gofmt go1.8.3.linux-amd64/bin/godoc=/usr/local/bin/godoc go1.8.3.linux-amd64/=/usr/local/go
but isn't nice that absolutely everything else on the system and the build stuff you need is easily installable?
then even for things packaged but which I care a lot, e.g. apache, I will compile anyway.