Is the world ready for the waterless urinal?
wired.com
wired.com
(edit: on second thought, it was a university. Knowing what university students tend to put in urinals, I'm not surprised they clogged even with proper maintenance)
But after reading about how they work, I have reservations on the design. Depending on maintenance for keeping sewer gases from escaping seems failure prone. Humans err (and get lazy). I'd much rather depend on plumbing codes that have been tested over decades and work "automatically" than depending on changing a cartridge.
What happens if a bathroom with a waterless toilet is abandoned or isn't maintained regularly?
It will float on top and prevent the water from evaporating.
"Users complain that high-efficiency toilets, which use less water than traditional models, require two flushes to do the job. Behind such objections stands this truth: America remains a flush-oriented society, and the more powerful the flush, the better. "It was a morale issue," Anja S. Caldwell, green building chief for the Montgomery County public school system, said of initial resistance to the 50 waterless urinals introduced over the past year. "People thought that by taking the flush away, you're taking an entitlement."
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/06...
I would readily give the gallon of water from my urinal to my "standard" toilet flush for when I need it.
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-The anti-nuclear/anti-weaponization movement didn't help either.
Great article. Just goes to show that there's still so much more to innovate out there.
"Hansen heard a flood of complaints early on: The urinals stank. They were dirty. Where was the flush handle? In one building, the complaints were so vociferous that Hansen started an investigation. He found that the bathrooms did indeed stink, but the urinals appeared clean ....
... The urinals, however, emitted nothing. The cartridges were doing their job. Hansen moved the sewer vent and replaced the cracked toilet. The complaints stopped. Hansen concluded that the smell had always been there, but people didn’t have anything to blame it on until the new urinals arrived."
I've experienced this many times. I create/modify/install PROGRAM_X and immediately receive complaints that it's causing problems on the server where it's running. Investigation eventually reveals that these problems have been going on for some time, but now there's something to blame. I'm sure I'm not alone.
We spent nearly a month doing research on vendors for waterless urinals as well as attempting to model the cost of negative externalities from the water use (sewer system upgrades, water treatment) and the waterless ones (manufacturing and disposal of cartridges, smell and hygiene.)
Whilst I can't locate a PDF of the report anymore, the evidence came out overwhelmingly in favour of the watered urinals. The cost of the waterless filters and hardware, even if all of the waterless urinals were installed new, was still over 2x the cost of running watered urinals at the University, externalities included (I think it was nearly 6x IIRC.)
I can't imagine these being useful for many municipalities – including the more water-scarce ones — unless costs have really dropped.
1. There are a bunch of environmental costs that still make them largely impractical:
- the environmental cost of making the filters (plastic injection molding, etc.) - the environmental cost of disposing of the filters - the environmental cost of waste produced by installing new waterless urinals in place of the old watered ones
These costs are surprisingly high for something trying to be "green". You can model these positive externalities as such in a "dollar amount" by taking into account things such as offset taxes toward pollution (from manufacturing,) costs of disposal over the decomposition life of the object, etc.
2. Unfortunately, the environmental cost is almost never the one that wins in any real-world scenario unless the personal utility of the person owning said waterless urinal is greater than the cost of running the watered one — i.e., the person that installed the waterless urinal enjoys the waterless one enough to compensate for the extra costs involved in running it over a watered one. They are more expensive right now, and will be for quite some time if we're talking about replacing the watered ones with waterless ones. Dollars are the bottom line, especially when negative externalities are not offset in the costs of the watered product.
3. I'm a general skeptic of many of these types of green things due to #2 - it's the "Prius syndrome" in effect. Many of these types of things have little real-world environmental impact when the full cost of ownership is taken into account. Once you add up all of the costs involved:
(manufacturing costs of old watered urinal) + (disposal costs of old watered urinal) + (opportunity cost of purchasing waterless urinal and installing waterless urinal) + (cost of new waterless urinal) + (cost of filters) * ((uses / single filter life) * (life of waterless urinal product))
When all is said and done, the overall real cost - even environmentally - of many of these "green" products ends up being far greater than just using the old product. People don't buy many of these types of things for anything other than their own psychological benefit of feeling greener, such as is the case with the Prius - I read somewhere if you actually wanted to maximise for environmental cost, you'd buy a used Toyota Echo.
The urinal cake in waterless urinals (and you'd think even in the flushing variety) kill the odour causing bacteria and should stop any odours.
I'm mot sure if this is true though.
We have these at the office space my employer just built-out. Does have a slight stale-urine smell all the time.
Maybe it would make sense to make a hybrid version option that flushes with water every x days. Attacks the idea of pure "waterless", but maybe more practical?
Given that they did cause clogs, I'm not sure I think the plumbers' skepticism is as unreasonable or necessarily self-interested as the OP implies.
Apparently that design calls for hot water to be dumped down the urinal when the cartridge is changed to control an oily substance that builds up in pipes. The speculation is that not all janitorial staffs embrace this extra task.
An interesting problem - improving on a system that is so behind the scenes that hardly anyone ever thinks about its functioning. To make changes to that, you need large scale social engineering techniques to implement those changes - a 'message of general interest' or two on TV isn't going to cut it.
Ikea (in Austria at least) use them too; they're not kept as spotless, and I've seen them out of order occasionally.
Compared to the alternative of gross toilets it is a win-win situation.
That's what an ROI can do for you!
It's important to find the particular customers who can benefit from your product, and have the power to act. Usually, the military is a hard market - but in this case, their control of their own facilities helped.
Changing community attitudes - such as towards water usage - can benefit or harm you. Here, the long-term trend was predictable (and predicted). Skate to where the puck is going to be.
This whole saga was purely adoption (ie marketing). The product was already done.
They didn't give up.
It seemed like someone sat down and said to himself, "now how can I make this toilet worse? I know!"
Inspection is one reason, so while the shelf toilet is getting less common, doctors and hospitals still tend to have them. Maybe that was a craze at one time, I don't really know a lot of people who inspect their stool -- or that of others, to dispel those South Park rumors...
It does have one added benefit: Reduced splash-back for #2. US toilets are really nasty in that regard, as the water level seems to be higher than in Europe.
And as My First American Toilet(tm) was in a hotel, I didn't feel like going all Super Mario on it anyway...
Did you try out any home toilets? (Knock knock - can I look at your toilet sir?)
I'm willing to put a ruler in mine, if you will.
And no, it wasn't a fancy hotel, it was a Holiday Inn Express. Since then, I staid in quite a few company apartments, been invited in a few homes etc. I didn't measure any water levels in Germany (or England, Greece, Italy...), either, so this isn't exactly scientific. But considering that I haven't seen that many toilet brushes here in Jersey (and NYC), you probably need a higher water level.
I bet it's different in states where wasting water is worse. And if I remember correctly, Dave Barry wrote quite a bit about water-saving toilets a couple of years back.
I don't think that's representative. All the houses I've been in had one. It's possible people just put them where they are not very visible.
In commercial toilets in the US you commonly get the pressurized toilets that use a significant amount of air to flush, not just water. This cuts way down on the amount of water used.
However, I do like the "little flush / big flush" buttons you see in Israel and other places.
The traditional urinals have at least the advantage of self-maintenance. You flush them - they clean-up. If you don't flush, someone eventually will. You don't need someone to look them over or replace the liquid sealant for at least three reasons I can think of right now.
It's similar to what you get when you replace intersection lights with LED to save _electricity_. They don't get hot. In the winter they get covered with ice and snow enough to not see them. You then go and clean them yourself and realize that what you saved on electricity doesn't even match the cost of gas and labor you used. Or you don't clean them and you have one or more collisions and you're still no better.
How much water you say you save? It is peanuts compared to the water on the toilets...
It's okay, they released early, they can release often. Bugs will get sorted out as user comments pour in.
But then, we've been conservative about water for a while with good reason to be.
Literally.
They smell like urine. If we are going to use these on a wide scale then I think that men need to drink the water that is saved so that they have less pungent smelling piss.
When maintained it is ok, but it does smell more. Generally not popular.
If I do ever build my desert getaway, I'll be putting in Clivus Multrum composting units and not one of these.
Smart compromise - not wasting water, and the plumbers keep their jobs.
Sure it can slow down innovation some, but this kind of oversight is definitely needed. Once that is admitted, it is just a discussion of where exactly to draw the line. There was a disagreement in those discussions, so a compromise was used. It gets reviewed regularly and the line can shift as needed when more information is available or the opinions in the disagreement change.
As far as I know, there is no "processing" of the cartridges; they are just thrown out after they reach the end of their lifespan.
Quote of the day. :)