Currently, all I have setup is standard page tracking, and this is about the limit of my knowledge at the moment.
Can anyone point me in the direction of some resources (websites, slides, books, anything) that can help me understand what metrics I need to track, setting up goals/funnels and anything else that may be useful?
1. Web Analytics 2.0, by Avinash Kaushik. He's the Analytics evangelist at Google and his book is very easy to read. Start here. He also keeps a blog: http://www.kaushik.net/avinash/ . The archives are a gem of a resource.
2. Advanced Web Metrics with Google Analytics by Brian Clifton. A much drier read (the guy has a PhD in Chemistry and writes with the dry academic style) but an excellent resource. There is a blog with much lower volume of posting: http://www.advanced-web-metrics.com/blog/ .
Also watch this (GREAT) talk on the metrics you should be tracking off the bat: http://carsonified.com/blog/business/mike-mcderment-of-fresh...
He suggests that you build an internal tracking system to compliment something like Google Analytics.
Also if there's one thing you learn first in Google analytics, it's "Custom Segments." Build a segment for your paid users or return users vs. new users. USA vs. World. 3:00 on site vs. <1 minute on site. etc. Comparing differences between these groups is invaluable.
Google Analytics made a small step in that direction when they added the trending analysis. But it's such a small step.
Where is the dead-simple analytics recommendation engine? It needs to analyze the data and tell you what works, what doesn't. Ideally, with a big "ON" button to do more of what works, and an "OFF" button to stop doing whatever doesn't. Everything else is beyond the comprehension level of 99% of people.
Once you figure out exactly what else you'd like to report on then post again, most things are possible but it's not really worth setting it up unless you can gain some actionable insight from it.
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I would suggest using http://kissmetrics.com to track goals and funnel conversion.
All the best!
In particular, note how a) track stuff before you can necessarily make sense of it and b) time spent looking at numbers which does not result in decisions for the business is wasted time. (B suggests against spending lots of time in Google Analytics for most people. Get funnel tracking and A/B testing going and you'll rarely use it anymore except for looking at search keywords.)