This recently happened to a friend of mine. It was devastating. As mentioned, U2F is very scarcely supported today.
The best way he came up with to secure services that insist on using SMS for 2FA (or credential reset) was to register the number of a pre-paid phone for those services.
Inconvenient? YES. But a pre-paid phone number can not be ported by a negligent (or willfully criminal!) operator.