Yes, that's pretty standard fare for a corporate firewall/proxy. Most configurations don't log everything, just traffic matching particular patterns or hosts. But when it's the NSA, who knows how much they retain.
It is? So corporations install something that infects your laptop and updates the root certificate every time Chrome or Firefox updates? Sounds extreme to me. Something the NSA might be able to do, but hopefully not my company.
https://www.jamf.com/jamf-nation/discussions/11830/deploying...
Other applications on mac/linux that use their own keystore like OpenSSL or Java will throw cert errors if you don't also install the CA in their keystores, but that could be scripted as well if it causes too much friction for users.
If you're in such an environment, the options are either install the CA or don't use anything that requires HTTPS ¯\_(ツ)_/¯