1) Two 10kg dumbbells will be insufficient in even the short term. The idea is to make progress over time; ie being able to lift more weight for the same number of reps.
2) You need an exercise program built around the compound lifts. That is:
* Deadlifts
* Squats
* Bench Press
* Overhead Press
* Chinups/Pullups
There's quite a few of these around; Stronglifts and Starting Strength are two that come to mind. Find one of them on the internet and stick to it religiously for a few months. Don't try to tweak it yourself.
3) To perform these properly you'll either need to join a gym or get access to the following:
* A 20 kg olympic barbell and plates
* A power rack
* A bench
You'll use the power rack to do the pullups/chinups and protect you while squatting and benching (it's much more vital when you don't have a spotter to help you if you try lifting something too heavy for you).
4) Form is vital. You can do quite a bit of damage to your body with shitty form.
5) Get plenty of rest and healthy food. Diet is probably harder to stick to than working out simply because it takes up so much time.
6) Three full body workouts each week is plenty.
7) Track your progress. It's much easier to stick to something if you can see that you're putting on muscle/losing fat/whatever. Use spreadsheets with weight/weights lifted, photos of your physique over time, the works.