This is too big of a subject to be addressed at hacker news. Just do your research on the web. Honestly, you will probably get as much misinformation here as you will get anywhere. It also depends on what your goals are.

You are seriously limited by 10kg dumbells and if you lack space then your only option for a real free weight workout is to get a membership to a gym. Even if you could fit in a bench and more weights, you should also have access to a squat rack which you certainly wouldn't have room for.

Start out with the most basic free weight exercises for each of the major muscle groups and then go from there. Also, start out with just the bar or some small weights to get the form correct. If you don't have experience with free weights you might get a trainer to start out with you and check your form. Alternatively you might find an experienced lifting partner. If the place has mirrors you can check out your form that way as well.

Check your progress towards your goals. Those goals will also determine what sort of scheme you end up with. When starting out, you only need to hit the gym a few times per week and probably for about 45 minutes. You don't have to do anything fancy. Once you hit a plateau it's time to change it up, though you need to change things up before you hit that point.

As long as you have good form and you don't get injured then you don't have to worry about getting everything else totally right. You will learn along the way and at first you get the benefit of fast progress even with a less than perfect routine. By the time you hit a plateau then you will be far enough along to figure out how to tweak your routine.

Also, try to turn this into a lifestyle change. Otherwise you will be one of those people who buy a membership and never go. ;)