Can you get the caste of a person by reading the Aadhar number ?
Answer is No.
If you or your relatives had not lost bribe money due to the Direct Benefit scheme, then I cannot understand the blatant hate of Aadhar.
Otherwise, I hope that neither you nor your immediate family members were accumulating wealth by being corrupt or being the actual middleman themselves.
After the change in 2016, aadhar no longer gives only a confirmation/negation, it also provides demographic information aka full name, and address + a few more features.
Surnames are highly distinctive especially when combined with address data, so yes Aadhar now will provide you with enough information to assess caste.
Furthermore - since when do mobs and angry people worry about 100% accuracy. In the throes of emotion, close enough is good enough.
Are you saying that government does not have any information associated with the Aadhar number? You're straw manning really badly. The whole argument, nearly every single person in this thread, making against you is that Aadhar is dystopian. But your argument is "But you can't figure out a person's info by just reading the Aadhar number".