Wondering What Happened to Your Class Valedictorian? Not Much, Research Shows
time.com
time.com
It gets worse because high schools aren't equally selective. There's probably plenty of tiny little high schools out in the Midwest or in other rural areas where 'valedictorian' means being the best-graded out of 20 or 50 kids, while on the other hand, at a magnet high school like Stuyvesant, half the school might be valedictorian level if they had gone elsewhere (but they can't all be the lone Stuy valedictorian).
Unless you've taken these into account, the rest of the discussion of grades selecting for Conscientiousness and conformity etc, while plausible, sound like just so many Just So stories.
(I have a similar issue with analyses of Hunter College Elementary School which speculate at great length about why its alumnis appear to be so disappointing, when as far as I can tell, the underperformance is exactly what one would expect from the unreliability of early-childhood IQ tests plus base rates: https://www.gwern.net/Statistical%20notes#genius-revisited-o... )
In short, being a Valedictorian in high-school is a great predictor of future success. The only perspective from which Valedictorians are not successful, given the data set, is from a holier-than-though mindset. Garbling that message by saying not every Valedictorian has moved mountains is... silly.
My class valedictorian, in a bizarre coincidence, lives next door to me (even though we moved across the country and didn't plan it). He is a very rich ex VC who now has a decently successful startup going.
So as much as I would like to use this article to prop up my ego...