Why so many columns? I would expect there would be some way to break the data down or transpose it somehow to make it more manageable. At that point are you even really dealing with a database as most people use the term?
It has to be one table because you need to get attributes of a customer very quickly (single digit milliseconds) in order to respond with the next best action e.g. show this advertisement or route them to this call centre person.
And of course this is a database. It's all of the information about a customer in one place.