Instead of trying to stop at the destination, you could instead send a stream of these tiny expendable probes past the target. Each one would get, say, a microsecond to take a snapshot, and then it would spend the short remainder of its life relaying the raw data.
To do a chemical analysis, some probes could be sent on relativistic collision course with the subject planet, and other probes could watch the impact. It would be a scale-up of NASA's Deep Impact mission from 2005.