"How does the school of mathematics of the University of Goettingen help make German factory workers competitive with Chinese ones?"
The search for precision and applied scientific discovery. [0] Enlightenment drives every aspect of German manufacturing. Factory workers are in an environment that makes things driven by these processes.
[0] An immediate example that comes to mind is the electric signal activation of the liquid suspension (magneto-rheological fluid) in the Audi R8. cf "The Audi R8: The Suspension" ~ https://www.audiworld.com/articles/the-audi-r8-the-suspensio...
This is an extreme example. It also highlights why Chinese/German manufacturing is different. One is aiming at mass market, low cost. The other high cost but desirable. The low cost German manufactured cars are measurably better than the Chinese.