Probably not any extra time than are required by your studies. A lot of it can be learned on the job and the organisations I worked with (only in Europe, truth be told) had heavy training sessions for on-boarding. I know because I designed, developed and taught those courses.

Usually those places have a a 'full-stack' of model based systems engineers using SysML, who hand off models to the dev guys using model based development (MBD). Testing with a V-model, etc.

Defence more than automotive, but some orgs have very long project cycles (i.e. >25 years) so models provide a great benefit over simple source/docs.