The stock market is not the economy.
When stock markets plunge people panic and that panic is what causes economic instability. That's what causes issues. Economics is purely a product of human minds acting in unison or opposition.
For this to happen, though, enough people must be thinking that the market is poised for a big fall, so they're on a hair trigger, ready to sell right at the start of the drop.
The stock market would not be the economy in say, a Marxist system.
So a stock market index is only correlated with the local economy if there are few multinationals.