Also, the article claims it's located between Myanmar and Indonesia. That's just wrong. It's apparently located in the Andaman Islands, which are claimed by India.
I would avoid introducing them to modernity at all. They've been there for thousands of years without issue, why interrupt now? Let them be.
Infant and maternal mortality? Childhood disease? Loss of teeth? Local diseases/parasites?
Just because they're surviving doesn't mean their lives are without issue. Would you want to revert 60000 years to their level of technology? Would they want to go back to the village if they were given this same choice?
"Upper caste" Indians (Brahmins / Kshatriyas) have a history of treating marginalized tribal groups with violence and hatred. Forcibly removing them to exploit natural resources.
Source: I'm Indian. I've seen quite a bit of this happen during my life. Here's an example: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narmada_Bachao_Andolan
India claims Andamans on technicality, those islands were at best a way point for Indian sailors in the past.
Please give better points of and sources of exploitation, to call Narmada Bachao Andolan which was a protest against building a dam, as something only Brahmins and Kshatriyas only benefited is a stretch.
Hawaii is a terrible analogy to use. Hawaii was annexed by military force on behalf of the American pineapple and sugar mafia (Dole, etc). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hawaii , https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaiian_sovereignty_movement
As far as I can tell, Andaman and Nicobar islands are part of the fascinating historical migration route between India and South East Asia, and no military force was used by India to have ownership of those islands.
I admire the way Indians have dealt with those islands ( leaving them un-interfered with ) versus how my own culture dealt (and deals) with less technologically advanced populations.
A population of 50-500 individuals must be extremely fragile, even if they survived on that island for so long. They could become infected through anything, even bird excrement or something, also tsunamis or other bad weather. It would be helpful to respond to a crisis.
And the islands are an integral part of India without any major disputes on its staus with a neighbouring nation. Not just claimed by India.
They don't know it themselves but they serve the rest of the humanity by preserving one island as it was.