Beyond this, there's an entire system that has undermined American software engineers. Schools are incentivized by the ridiculous out of state/country fees they get when they accept international students for their Masters programs, regardless of a students actual abilities or whether the three year Indian/China/U.K. Bachelors sufficiently prepares them. These people always graduate, because money. Corporations, who love hiring people who can't leave them for another employer then gobble them up legally by requiring a masters degree in job description. And once they gain a big enough foothold in a company, the Good Ole Boy Club effect happens and they mostly hire their own.