So if I read the article well the gist is: instead of choosing leisure people chose to consume more and thus work more to afford more. And this then creates the need for administrative workers or as the article put it "paper-pushers" who are redundant and "pointless". It lists telemarketers as one example. I wonder if the author consulted people working as telemarketers in developing countries (not those involved in scams) if their jobs were pointless? Now I'm not the only one to gripe at the inefficiencies of mature businesses where management is often slow to act and mired in procedure but there is work to make things more efficient and perhaps the author could invest more time in thinking about that. Lastly, rational profit-seeking entrepreneurs will create positions for jobs like telemarketers where it makes sense. If there was not a supply of profit-seeking consumption-maximizing people there'd not be telemarketers for example. I'd rather work my 40 to 50 hours a week and set money aside and provide for my family than work 15 hours a week and have a tougher time. Also I like nice things. So...