The podcast covers the political and military landscape and events between 1945 and 1962, culminating at the Cuban Missile Crisis, focusing on the American side of the Cold War.
If you know Dan Carlin's work, and take a hint from the episode's length, you know that it is a profound analysis, thoroughly studied from a variety of sources and with a real, intelligent effort to understand all sides, all parties, all individuals, and all context of the events. A real historian work.
Of particular interest is the glimpse on what was passing through all those brilliant scientists minds throughout and after the development of the tech. This is concentrated in the first half of the podcast if you are interested.
(1): http://www.dancarlin.com/hardcore-history-59-the-destroyer-o...
EDIT: just finished it, I think the final words of the episode are worth sharing:
"As I said, human beings are 70+ years into an on-going experiment to see if they can adapt or evolve to handle their weapon's technology. So far, so good. But let's remember that we are a long way from the edge of this tightrope. These might not even be the most powerful weapons we are creative enough to invent. And the systems we have in place still have human beings involved, which is one of those variables that makes it tough to think that we can go another 100, 30 or so years, and have the human story end with the words '...and we lived happily, ever after.'" Dan Carlin