What To Do With Your Millions
paulbuchheit.blogspot.com
paulbuchheit.blogspot.com
Eliezer Yudkowsky wrote a lot about this on LessWrong.com, about how dog shelters get a lot more money than existential risk prevention (singinst.org or Lifeboat.com), Friendly AI research (singinst.org again) or finding cures to the diseases of aging (sens.org). Of course, puppies deserve our help. But do they deserve more resources than the kinds of things I mentioned above? Or is this just the way our cognitive biases steer us, pulling at our heart strings against our best interest?
A couple of wealthy people could easily double the amount of research in those fields (in fact, Peter Thiel, formely of Paypal did pledge a few millions, but more are needed).
Chance that a bunch of nice, sane, ordinary people can save the lives of lots of cute animals (or hell, humans)? Very good.
Chance that a bunch of crazy people with their crazy web site can stop aging, or better yet, stop an asteroid?
Slim to none.
Rationality means thinking quantitatively where applicable, not qualitatively.
I'll be also be old and sick someday, and I think that accepting the fact that you're going to die eventually will make you happier.
I also have a cynical view on ... increasing the life span of people can only be harmful to anybody.
> Or is this just the way our cognitive biases steer us, pulling at our heart strings against our best interest?
Again, what makes you so sure it's in our best interest?
This reaction is totally rational as long as you believe that aging is both bad and inevitable. It's called the pro-aging trance. If we were hit by a baseball bat on the head every week and there was nothing we could do, over time we would also rationalize why it's good. But if you were to ask someone who had never been hit on the head if he wanted too, he would say no. In the same way, if you asked someone who biologically stayed with the body of a 25 years old if he wanted to get frail, he would say no. As soon as someone proves that the diseases of aging aren't inevitable (say, by making a mouse live in good health for 10x the normal lifespan), the pro-aging transe will be broken. Listen to the part about the pro-aging transe here: http://www.ted.com/talks/aubrey_de_grey_says_we_can_avoid_ag...
Your body is already repairing most of the damage of aging and replacing most of your cells over time. It's just that there are certain kinds of damage that we haven't evolved to repair, and over time they add up. Past certain thresholds they cause pathologies, and we get frail, suffer and die. But if we can periodically repair that damage (without the need to understand all of metabolism, just the damage), we can avoid ever getting close to these thresholds.
> Again, what makes you so sure it's in our best interest?
Not being killed by an asteroid or a supervolcano is pretty obviously in our best interest, as well as not dying from cancer or alzheimers. If I put a gun to your daughter's or your fiancee's head, you'd feel it. But if I say "all of humanity could die" (which include your daughter and your fiancee), you suffer from scale insensitivity and don't care nearly as much even if it's a much more terrible fate (all the things about which humans care about would be gone).
Be careful what you wish for, it might just became true.
http://fightaging.org/archives/2006/09/overpopulation.php
But in general, you have to ask if the problem that would be solved is bigger than this new potential problem, and do we have the right to make the decision not to develop these therapies and condemn future generation to die from aging? Every day that they are delayed, thousands die.
Maybe hard choices will have to be made: very low birth rates, or some rate of voluntary deaths (religious people who refuse to take the therapies, maybe?), etc. Maybe it'll be no problem because of technological advances (molecular manufacturing, advanced biotech, etc) and we'll have more than enough resources for everybody, and can colonize other planets.
But these problems caused by people not dying so much seem to be smaller than 100k-150k people dying each day after a long-period of suffering and frailty, causing pain to their families and friends. We've cured many diseases and fixed many of humanity's problems so far, and the benefits seem to outweigh the costs. Goal #1 is to cure diseases, living longer is just a side-effect, as it always was.
Objections to curing the diseases of aging must be at least as big as the problem. Otherwise it's the same old thing about overpopulation that has been going around ever since we invented sanitation and vaccines.
Actually the bigger question is what gives you the right to play with mother nature?
> But these problems seem to be smaller than 100k-150k people dying each day after a long-period of suffering and frailty
So? I've had relatives dying, not that big of a deal. They live on in the heritage they leave behind (like their children).
Very low birth-rates so that some old farts with money can live longer?
What do you think, those vaccines or those modern HIV treatments are getting to poor countries like those in Africa?
Nature doesn't care about us (or anything), and our genes don't care about us (only about being replicated). But we care about us, and if we don't take charge, nobody will. Reducing our suffering and making our lives better is a noble goal. It's the same as helping someone on the street or caring for a sick friend, except on a much larger scale.
> So? I've had relatives dying, not that big of a deal. They live on in the heritage they leave behind (like their children).
That's fine, you can refuse to take the medicine, then. But those that want it should be able to develop it.
> Very low birth-rates so that some old farts with money can live longer?
So that everybody who wants to can live longer. Once these things exist, there'll be such popular pressure to make them accessible that it won't be a choice, and like all technologies, at first it will be expensive and won't work very well, and later it will be very cheap and work well. Even if not everybody gets it simultaneously, it's still better if it exists than if it doesn't.
> What do you think, those vaccines or those modern HIV treatments are getting to poor countries like those in Africa?
Would things be better if those vaccines didn't exist at all? And yes, they are getting there (ask the Gates Foundation or Larry Brilliant about his work on smallpox), just not as fast as most people would want to. But that's not the fault of the science.
Perhaps he could have given philanthropy a little mention where he suggested investing a tiny bit in startups, for experience, but his genearl advice was, "Do something remarkable." He didn't suggest investing a big chunk of the money in startups, or founding a startup, or anything else.
There are plenty of unremarkable ways to donate money to non-profits. Anyone can start a non-profit. They claim to be benevolent. So does the government. If you donate to some non-profits, you might as well be donating to the government by optimizing for high taxes. He could find someone to advise him to donate to a good organization, so the money doesn't get wasted, but that brings us back to the point about not trusting every financial advisor on the planet.
Seriously, when you are faced with that problem (of having too much money), please look around. Just maybe, there might be something that already does what it is that you want to do. You do not have to reinvent the wheel to satisfy your ego by having a foundation with your name on it.
Why was that? Probably because Philip ran them like a business, and decided that, when the going gets tough, the tough fire their Executive Directors and half the paid staff.
Philip Greenspun has some interesting thoughts: http://philip.greenspun.com/non-profit/ and http://philip.greenspun.com/materialism/early-retirement/
It would be pretty frustrating if you quickly did a sizeable donation (sizable compared to the norm for that charity) and find out a month later about some scandal, or how only a small portion of what you thought was a donation really was a donation etc... you would just get on with life, but it would innoculate you against further causes in future which is a loss for everyone.
So good advice, think of it as an investment (in terms of dilligence, time etc).
That and giving stupendous tips and totally making someones day, that must be a whole lot of fun.
I grew up the child of missionaries in Central America in the 70's and 80's. My parents ran a school for Hondurans during a time when 1 out of 100 kids graduated from High School. Half the students paid tuition and half were scholarship students.
In 1997, my parents went back to Honduras to help with the disaster relief after a hurricane destroyed much of the Honduran infrastructure.
And over the course of 6 months they were there, they had dozens and dozens of former students find them after hearing that they were in the country, and they stopped by to say "thank you". Those former students were now Doctors, Lawyers, Teachers, Company owners etc...
So, I'd disagree rather heartily with the idea that charity increases dependency.
I think that the good kind of charitable giving is exactly what your parents did, going and teaching a valuable skill that others can use to help themselves. I guess it foes back to the "education is the key" mantra that so many people tout, but it's true.
So while I disagree with your post and I believe that many, if not most, of charitable donations are poorly spent, siphoned off by bureaucracy, or otherwise wasted, teaching people skills is a type of charity that I would support.
Though the model you post about sounds like it was actually quasi-charity, as students had to pay for the classes. This I believe is the best of both worlds, as it allows do-gooders (your parents and other donors who supported the program) to do good, but it also requires sacrifice from the student and their families, which builds character and makes it more likely that the gift will be recognized for what it is and appreciated - and that the person will go and do likewise for others.
From my iPhone - excuse typos etc
Really? I'd be interested to hear why you think that. Are you speaking from personal experience? Have you been involved with different charities and been dismayed or shocked when you looked at how poorly run or wasteful they were?
I gave just one example of what my parents did. But, I was surrounded by people that worked for Christian missionary agencies, and non-religious organizations overseas while growing up. They all did a wide variety of things from straight religious work, education, running hospitals, building houses, schools, wells, teaching better agricultural techniques, etc...
All of that was funded by donations to the non-profits that they were working for. If you want to call that other work "quais-charity" I guess that's up to you. But, I've been involved in the grass roots with many different non-profit's and that's pretty much what the vast majority of them do.
I can't think of a single organization out of the dozens that I personally interacted with that simply handed out cash to people.
Haiti population graph: http://www.google.com/publicdata?ds=wb-wdi&met=sp_pop_to...
Haiti Unemployment: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Haitiunemployment.GIF
Haiti aid: (for relative scale of aid) http://www.devex.com/articles/haiti-aid-facts
USA GDP graph: http://www.google.com/publicdata?ds=wb-wdi&met=ny_gdp_mk...
I have read or heard of a number of cases where "do-gooders" only make the situation worse.
For example, after the genocide in Rwanda, the UN set up refugee camps in neighboring Congo to help the refugees. Unfortunately, the refugee camps mainly ended up helping the people who were responsible for killings. They would take refuge there, control the food supply and then use their power to keep on terrorizing people.
Many charity projects are also extremely tough to know if they will work. An example is a story I heard about an aid project in a small village in a developing country. The project's goal was to install a well for the village to use as people (mainly women) would need to walk 2 hours each way every day to the nearest water supply. The project was well thought out and created a sense of ownership amongst the local people. After a number of weeks, the well was completed and there was a big celebration. Several weeks later, the aid organization came back to do a follow up. To their shock, they found that the women were still walking miles each day to get water rather than using the well. When they asked the women why they were doing this, the women responded "We used the well for a few days but then we realised that walking to get water was the only time during the day for us women to bond and talk amongst ourselves."
Another example is that when malaria nets are given away only a small percentage of the nets will actually be used. However, if people in a village are educated about the benefits of malaria nets and then given the opportunity to buy a net for $1, even if $1 might be a day's pay, the nets have a remarkable high-use rate. People are similar no matter where you go - if you get something for free, you value it less than if you have to make a decision with your earnings. You may say that is a good case of charity but if they are selling the nets, it sounds more like a business rather than charity.
A lot of aid sent to developing countries is siphoned off by bureaucrats and government officials thereby making them more rich and powerful and less accountable to their own people. If a government is getting a substantial sum of money from foreign donors, accountability then goes to those foreign donors, not the people of the country.
Over $1 trillion dollars in aid has been distributed to African countries in the past half century or so and what is the result of that? Are many places really better off because of that charity?
Mobile phones are completely changing the way business is done in developing countries. I can't remember the exact study but there is a correlation between the number of mobile users in a developing region and the GDP growth. I believe that the availability of mobile phones at competitive rates (not government controlled) are probably doing more to help countries develop than many aid projects. Landlines in many countries have been government regulated and painfully inefficient. When I was in Kenya, my host family received a visit from the government-controlled telecom company to fix their landline. They had been waiting four months for them to show up.
In your case, with the schools, I think that is an example of a good case of charity. However, many charities and aid organizations are under pressure to show results in X number of months rather than in X number of decades. Many decisions about aid projects are not even made in the areas themselves but are made back at the head offices or at the government level in places with completely different realities.
As far as I know the best organisation focusing on the effectiveness of charities is www.givewell.net. Might be a good startinpoint, even if you are only donating small amounts (all their research is available online for free).
Off-topic, but still. Did you use speech recognition?
Since I can't delete/edit my original comment any more, here is what I intended to write:
"Yes, it’s difficult but by no mean impossible if you are willing to invest some time an thought.
As far as I know the best organisation focusing on the effectiveness of charities is www.givewell.net. Might be a good startingpoint, even if you are only donating small amounts (all their research is available online for free)."
That would be a lot more effective in the long run than it would be to just pass the responsibility for the spending off to some overhead ridden charity.
A friend of mine worked for a larger charity and the level of self-indulgement was astounding. Especially around the end of fiscal year when they had to spend the whatever budgeted cash left on something... anything, so not to have the budget cut next year.
Also, doesn't a very large percent of the money invested in a business go towards supporting themselves too? To keep things running, people have to be rewarded, just like any other organization. Bills have to be paid, people have to be fed. And its even harder to keep good people on board at a nonprofit when they could be making 3x as much at a for-profit company.
I've worked with dozens of nonprofits and have a bunch of friends that do. They drive me completely insane with disorganization, red tape and horror stories of mismanagement. But I've never met someone who worked in a legitimate nonprofit who's heart wasn't in the right place. At the end of the day, the money is usually doing something good
Go for a walk in the park. Appreciate the trees.
Your parent poster: x > y
You: Yes, but y > x
Appreciate the trees.
Many people with jobs have a fantasy about all the amazing things they would do if they didn't need to work. In reality, if they had the drive and commitment to do actually do those things, they wouldn't let a job get in the way. Unfortunately, if given a lot of money, they are much more likely to end up addicted to crack, or even worse
I used to watch a lot of cable TV (10-20 hours a week) and from time to time I would hit upon one of those celebrity biographies. As much as they tried to spin it, suddenly becoming rich and famous usually destroyed people's lives.
Meanwhile, some family friends we know who never made a lot of money retired, joined an RV traveling community. Every year the same bunch of people take several months touring the country. It is not very expensive. They are having the time of their life.
The point is this: Paul's advice is good even without the money. Social interactions (I would add travel) and a sense of purpose are foundational to happiness.
Somebody said once that money is a magnifier. It takes whatever character traits you already have and exaggerates them. I'm not an expert or anything, and I'd certainly like to be better off than I am, but I'm willing to bet that giving 5 or 10 million bucks to most people would be about the same in the long run as shooting them in the head.
Joy and peace (a positive confidence despite the sad or happy circumstances) comes from having a set of principles one adheres to and complete self acceptance.
Paul's advice here is utterly incorrect and sounds ridiculous to even read:
...if you quit your job and move to a new city where you don't know anyone or have a clear purpose, there's a good chance that you'll end up depressed or even suicidal.
Seriously? People should spend less time seeking happiness (a fickle emotion), and spend more time becoming at peace with themselves, because inner peace will carry you through no matter the circumstances.
When do you think, "okay, this project is worth a chunk of my life," and then stick with it?
And then, once you do finally stick with something, something better will come along eventually. What do you do then? You're not tied to your job like a normal person, so you can't say, "if only I had the freedom, I would do that better thing..."
I had never realized how much meaning the "institution" gives to life.
I don't really understand this idea of being tied to a job. I'm not wealthy, I'm not financially independent. But if something better comes along, I do have the freedom to go do that instead. It doesn't really take all that much - a few years living expenses and a few marketable skills give you all the cushion you need.
And then, of course, you're faced with the "what do I do with my life" question. But I thought all 20-somethings (well, all middle-class 20-somethings in developed nations) faced that.
http://money.cnn.com/2006/03/05/news/newsmakers/buffett_fort...
"I'm a 20 year old guy who sold his company last month for $5m in cash. I really don't know what to do with the money or how to manage it. I never gave it a thought and now suddenly I have $5m."
You'd think he'd be smart enough, given he's just made $5m at 20. No further comments left by radicaltype either.
For argument's sake, what single founder (male, 20) sold their company (assuming it was a website) for $5m last month? Shouldn't that be publicized? Even if it's not, the guy is likely full of it.
The day before google went IPO and created new millionares, they brought in John Bogle to advise them to stay away from mutual funds or whatever and at the riskiest, stick to index funds if they were comfortable with risk and then just put the rest into stable investments if they weren't.
Not sure what he'd say now. US treasuries arent the sure bet they were 5 years ago and who wants to put any money into the movement of the S&P? There is something attractive to me in having a few gold bars in a Swiss lock box, though.
and i was like, "go on..."
In contrast, with a Redundant Array of Insolvent Banks, there is a very high correlation between bank failures -- but you're saved by the FDIC per-bank insurance limit. You're not modelling your risk based on known probability distributions; you're eliminating your risk entirely (at least as long as you trust the FDIC).
To (over?)extend the analogy further, there's always the possibility of a controller failure.
It's not as easy as it sounds to stay consistent with it over time (years, decades). I did all the research, read a bunch of books, and used up a lot of my time when I was looking into investing. I picked an asset allocation strategy, and planned to contribute regularly and rebalance annually.
That just didn't happen. Rebalancing annually didn't. Contributing in a timely fashion didn't. My income goes up and down, I have to pay quarterly estimates, so I do keep some degree of excess cash. invariably, I forget to invest the difference for long periods of time.
In the end I hired a financial person to just handle it and manage my money. Yes, there is a drag on returns because of it. But the alternative was being out of the market for periods of time, or off balance. Anyway, just another opinion.
anyway, money is such a hard thing for so many people in the world. my biggest advice, if you don't have a lot of ideas for research projects yourself, is probably to put yourself on a path where you can find people who truly need help that you can partly provide. it has to interest you or else it won't be sustainable. but if you can, with patience, find that path, you'll have locally maximized the use of the money just as you've largely maximized making money.
1. Put it in a bank for my security (living on interest if that how you call it) 2. Quit my job 3. Go some place cheap (probably asian countries) 4. Then just enjoy every minute of my time with my family
Fortune, which comes from Greek goddess Fortuna might actually bring both good and bad luck. Like, always only hearing the lottery winners stories and dismissing millions of losers, we take the good luck notion of Fortuna and leave the bad luck out of her.
I mean, am I the only hacker who dreams of being a mad scientist, where I can have teams of people working on all the many new idea's I have. I'm frankly pissed, I want my hoverboard. :)
I am surprised that someone discussing what to do with your money (in the context of selling your company and being posted on Hacker News) and discussing what to do with your life did not mention the possibilities angel investing offers beyond trying to make more money.
It's ungrateful to not make the most out of it (and also help others become a little more lucky).
Actually, it is exactly the opposite, just because you need to spend almost entire life (at least most of your time) to become a real pro in any field, say a medical doctor or system engineer, or philosopher.
'Start early and evolve' is an universal mantra, which is correct in sports, music, languages, communication skills, etc. So, the idea is very simple - stay near your field and do not try to compete with those, who were spent half of their life on it. Or at least do not try to teach. =)
You wouldn't join the boxing championship just because you're famous computer engineer? Would you? =)