Max Schrems, an Austrian lawyer, sued Facebook Ireland over this and got them to release all his data. He also keeps a website where he explains how to get yours: http://europe-v-facebook.org/EN/Get_your_Data_/get_your_data...
Facebook emailed back stating:
"There isn't a Facebook account associated with the email address from which you are writing. This might be because you don't have a Facebook account or because you already deleted your account. In either of these cases, we do not hold any of your personal data."
I didn't ask for data attached to an email address, I asked for any personal data they had collected on _me_ and their answer was evasive and non-responsive. I didn't pursue it any further but I know they are bullshitting me, and I had to move on to other things.