This is cool but generally a bad idea. It introduces weird edge-case scenarios where you have to 'artificially' halt the compiler, as type-resolution (in these kinds of systems) is undecidable. Rust halts type-resolution by limiting recursion, for example. This is sensible, as @tatterdemalion argues, but it feels like a necessary fix created by an unnecessary problem.
This code, for example, will never stop compiling in gcc 4.4.1[0]:
template<int I>
struct Infinite
{
enum { value = (I & 0x1)? Infinite<I+1>::value : Infinite<I-1>::value };
};
int main ()
{
int i = Infinite<1>::value;
}