For sentiment detection, I could see a similar experiment to [1] working, but instead of discriminating between newsgroups, you classify sentiment.
[1] https://blog.keras.io/using-pre-trained-word-embeddings-in-a...
I'm not sure how helpful that will be, as you may end up with a system that detects whenever a student expresses similar thoughts (and lets face it, the educational system is all about getting students to conform to conventional patterns of thinking) in their own words.
And if the system doesn't detect re-expression of the same ideas, then a system that automatically rewrites essays in a slightly different style (essentially, an English-to-English neural machine translation) will defeat it.
The endgame would be grading student essays on how well they express an entirely original idea, which is an unreasonable standard.
might be a lot easier to make a plagiarism generator instead - keep the overall meaning of sentences but use synonyms or deliberately off-meaning words.