Cars (transport) consume the majority.

If we take the US, which consumes 21% of all petroleum, to understand oil usage pattern, we can see that 47% of US consumption is from petrol (gasoline). Second is Distillate fuel (diesel and heating oil), which accounts for 21%; this is used for industrial machines and heavy motor vehicles, trains, boats etc (diesel) and for industrial heating (heating oil) [1].

These two accounts for the vast majority of consumption (47 +21 = 68%).

The percentage used by transport sector has been increasing [2] over the years:

  2013	63.8
  2004	57.7
  1973	45.4

Does not match exactly (68 vs 64), but it shows a growing trend of transport sector energy consumption. Petroleum as a raw material (plastics) seems to be slightly reducing after peaking in early 2000s.

Source: [1] https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/index.cfm?page=oil_use [2] https://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch8en/conc8en/oecdoi...