I can tell you with 100% certainty that a UDID is the result of a SHA-1 and so there is no ability to have "data bundled up in that string"; I know this because we've reverse engineered the computation of this string, and there is now tons of software in the wild which just builds it from parts instead of using Apple's APIs. Here's information on the algorithm from our Wiki.

https://www.theiphonewiki.com/wiki/UDID

For Apple to be telling you what kind of device it is, they either have to have a database of all the devices as they are built or a database of devices which have been checking in to their servers. (I'm betting the latter is what is happening here, but the former would be fundamentally more interesting to me.)