Minimum wage creates a much larger purchasing force, which creates more rotation on the market, thus making everyone richer.
First you mention higher taxes on larger income, but then talk about small businesses? So which is it? Are you arguing that we should tax the rich less, or that we should subsidize small businesses with lower taxes?
But if you have looked at curves over tax rates and curves over income inequality, I think it'd be hard to argue that "trickle down" has every worked or ever will.
Tax rates per income over year since 1913: https://qz.com/74271/income-tax-rates-since-1913/
What's happened since the 80s: http://www.npr.org/sections/money/2015/02/11/384988128/the-f...