FCC regulations (afaik) only apply to the power output of the device, modifying the antenna like this shouldn't change the power output.
That being said if you're using this in your home/office on a legal channel it would be really difficult to even tell from outside you were using it and almost certainly not worth the FCCs time to even try to watch for it. It's not that much extra gain over the stock antenna.
The antenna is not supposed to be replaceable, hence the reverse SMA connector on most modems.
Modifying the antenna in any way invalidates the type approval.