Almost all things that run on a Raspberry Pi will run on just about any other Linux machine, but not all things that run on other Linux machines will run on a Raspberry Pi.
Rpi is a linux computer, so this is sort of a restatement of the Church-Turing Thesis?
This demonstrates a setup that runs easily on rpi -- not a huge surprise as rpi is pretty powerful nowadays, but still a useful data point.
I run RasPBX (Asterisk + FreePBX) on my Raspberry Pi and it works quite well. The distro itself is also pretty easy to manage and update. I mainly use it to record my phone calls and works well for that purpose.