HTTPS alone only provides encryption. Google doesn't use EV anywhere but I feel it should on login pages especially given it is a high phishing target.
HTTPS is meant for preventing MITM attacks, but it isn't meant to validate the identity of the entity you're speaking to; even though some people try doing that, it's just a game of pretend.
As many other commenters here, I mostly rely on password autocompletion. If autocompletion doesn't recognize the site, then I'm extra careful. The point is that this is rare enough so that it is actually feasible for me to be careful on those occasions.
ETA: another parent comment talks about the same thing.