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As I read through this thread, I'm wondering what the "new" programming languages are and specifically, which are being used in production.

Swift, Rust, and Go are the current mainstream "new" programming languages.

Scala is only 12 years old. Go is 7 years old, for comparison.

Yep! F# is also 12 years old.

Probably add D and Elixer to that list.

Languages generally take 10 years from someone starts working seriously on them until they are ready for wide adoption.