Upgrade to the latest CPU for the platform. For $25 you could gain an extra 1+ Ghz or more cores.
Max out ram, for DDR2 systems this is usually 4GB - 8GB. 2GB sticks can easily be had for under $10 a stick.
Replace hard drive with SSD. Especially if it's a low RPM hard drive. 128GB SSDs can be had for $35 on sale.
The above upgrades will easily boost performance whatever OS is already running on the hardware, and total time to install should be 1 - 2 hours.