'Tax evasion' is illegal - it implies you're doing something like hiding money offshore, and not declaring it.
Apple is doing nothing more than not paying the taxes they are not supposed to.
If you claim your 'moving expenses' on your tax form, are you 'evading taxes'? No - you're just playing by the rules.
Apple basically played by the rules. Nothing they did was illegal until the EU change their laws 25 years retroactively.
2)
Europe definitely has a right to tax business activity in Europe.
3)
The US does have a right to also tax business overseas, but it needs to be reasonable. Today, the laws are whack and US companies are double-taxed. If they weren't all that money would be coming back.
Your comment about Trump are unfortunate, I don't like him either, but he was elected. Also, the bureaucracy has not changed.
But consider this: Trump is actually going to change the repatriation laws, and you'll likely see a Trillion dollars parked overseas come back to the US. A good chunk of it will go to investors as dividends, but still, even that money will circulate back into the economy, and that's not all of it.
It's surprising Obama did not do this - if he made repatriation laws consistent with the rest of the world ... it could have been a big bump to the economy when the US needed it the most.
Edit: to be clear (thanks to Marzan, below) 'double-taxation' is not quite the appropriate term, as US companies are given credit for taxes overseas.