C/C++ has wonderful package managers you just have to use Linux or BSD to use them. Linux and BSD package managers sort of invented the whole idea of network package management in the first place.

BSD ports, and the many Linux rpm and deb package managers have source and developer packages. There was a time when Linux had no package managers. They were invented precisely to solve the problems of dependency resolution and dissemination of sources and binaries to a distributed global network.

The fact that there are so many package managers is a feature not a bug also. Just like the many distributions of Linux and BSD is intentional and strengthens the ecosystem and allows for innovation and experimentation.

Package management is also available on Windows with Msys2 (pacman) and a few others.