HR works for the company. When you consider your moves keep in mind HR works for the company. You are not paying HR salaries. Get outside legal help and advice.
"I approached my management when the situation escalated, who directed me to HR. Instead of helping me, HR embarked on a defensive and confrontational script. I felt cornered, unsafe and unsure of what to do next."
It's HR's job to mitigate the risk to the company. They are not your friend, they are there to save the company from harm.
You can disagree but just pointing out that this not the current situation is either missing the point of the article or begging the question.