TCP/IP wasn't the official transport protocol until 1983. Before that was NCP (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_Control_Program). I got on the ARPAnet in 1982, and remember the transition day.

FTP and Telnet were around by 1974. So was an early mail protocol (described in RFC 524, https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc524.txt) which used FTP as mail transfer agent. The first SMTP-like mail protocol was probably MTP in 1980 (RFC 722, https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc772.txt).

Go read some RFCs -- they're great sources of early Internet history! Start here: http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc-index.html